public health

Whooping Cough Cases on the Rise in Connecticut: What You Need to Know

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young boy coughing

Connecticut is currently experiencing a spike in cases of whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory disease also known as pertussis. This increase is a reminder of the importance of vaccination and protecting our families and communities from preventable diseases.

Understanding Whooping Cough

Whooping cough is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The disease is particularly dangerous for infants and young children, but it can affect individuals of all ages.

Signs and Symptoms:

  • Initial Stage (Catarrhal Phase): Symptoms resemble a common cold, with a runny nose, sneezing, mild cough, and low-grade fever.
  • Progressive Stage (Paroxysmal Phase): The hallmark of whooping cough is a severe, persistent cough that comes in fits or paroxysms. During these coughing spells, individuals may experience difficulty breathing, vomiting, and exhaustion. The “whooping” sound occurs when the person inhales deeply after a coughing fit.
  • Recovery Stage (Convalescent Phase): The cough gradually lessens over several weeks but can persist for months.

The Dangers of Whooping Cough

Whooping cough is not just a nuisance; it can lead to serious complications, especially in infants and those with weakened immune systems. These complications include:

  • Pneumonia: A common and potentially life-threatening secondary infection.
  • Apnea: In infants, the disease can cause pauses in breathing.
  • Seizures and Brain Damage: Due to the lack of oxygen during prolonged coughing fits.
  • Death: Infants under six months are at the highest risk, with fatalities occurring in severe cases.

The Importance of Vaccination

Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent whooping cough. The DTaP vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, is recommended for infants and children, with booster doses (Tdap) for adolescents and adults. Pregnant women are also advised to receive the Tdap vaccine during each pregnancy to protect their newborns.

Despite the availability of vaccines, the recent rise in whooping cough cases suggests that some families may not be up-to-date on their vaccinations. This is particularly concerning as unvaccinated or under-vaccinated individuals contribute to the spread of the disease.

What You Can Do

To protect yourself and your loved ones, consider the following steps:

  • Check Vaccination Status: Ensure that everyone in your household is up-to-date with their DTaP and Tdap vaccines. If you’re unsure, access your vaccination record with CT WiZ.
  • Practice Good Hygiene: Encourage frequent handwashing and cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing to prevent the spread of germs.
  • Stay Informed: Keep up with local health advisories and be aware of any outbreaks in your community.

The spike in whooping cough cases in Connecticut is a serious public health concern. By recognizing the symptoms, understanding the risks, and ensuring that your family is vaccinated, you can help protect your community from this preventable disease. Don’t wait—take action today to safeguard your health and the health of those around you.

What Vaccines Do You Need? Check Out CDC’s New Assessment Tool

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young adults showing off their vaccines

Vaccination isn’t just for kids — adults need to stay protected too. Understanding which vaccines you need as an adult can be challenging, especially with varying recommendations based on factors like age, lifestyle, and medical history. To make this process easier, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has introduced a new online resource: the Adult Vaccine Assessment Tool.

What is the Adult Vaccine Assessment Tool?

The Adult Vaccine Assessment Tool is a user-friendly online tool designed to help individuals 19 years and older determine which vaccines they may need. With just a few clicks, you can receive personalized vaccine recommendations based on your age, lifestyle, health conditions, and other risk factors. This tool is particularly useful for those who may be unsure about their vaccination status or who want to ensure they’re up-to-date with the latest vaccine guidelines.

How Does the Vaccine Assessment Tool Work?

The tool works by guiding you through a series of questions about your health, lifestyle, and any potential risk factors. These questions cover areas such as:

  • Age: Certain vaccines are recommended at different stages of life, such as the shingles vaccine for those 50 and older.
  • Lifestyle: Factors like your occupation, travel plans, or living situation can influence vaccine recommendations. For instance, healthcare workers may need additional vaccines due to increased exposure to certain diseases.
  • Medical History: Your past medical conditions or current health status, such as pregnancy or chronic illnesses, can affect which vaccines are recommended for you.

Once you complete the questionnaire, the tool provides a list of vaccines that are recommended for you, along with links to more information about each one. This can include vaccines for influenza, pneumococcal disease, hepatitis B, and more. The tool also helps you understand the timing of each vaccine and whether any are due soon.

Why Use the Adult Vaccine Assessment Tool?

Staying up-to-date with vaccinations is essential for maintaining good health and preventing the spread of preventable diseases. The CDC’s Adult Vaccine Assessment Tool simplifies the process of determining which vaccines you need, making it easier than ever to stay informed and protected. Whether you’re catching up on missed vaccines or ensuring you’re prepared for the next flu season, this tool is a valuable resource for managing your health.

Taking Control of Your Health

Don’t leave your health to chance. The CDC’s Adult Vaccine Assessment Tool empowers you to take control of your health by providing personalized vaccine recommendations tailored to your unique circumstances. By using this tool, you can ensure you’re doing everything possible to protect yourself and those around you from vaccine-preventable diseases.

Visit the CDC’s website today to try out the Adult Vaccine Assessment Tool and stay on top of your health.

What to Do If You Spot a Potentially Rabies-Infected Animal

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fox in the middle of a road

Rabies is a serious viral disease that affects the nervous system of mammals, including humans. In the U.S., the risk of humans contracting rabies is relatively low. However, it’s essential to be aware of the signs of rabies in animals, how to prevent exposure, and what to do if you think you may have been exposed. Understanding how to identify a potentially rabies-infected animal and knowing the appropriate actions to take can save lives.

Identifying a Potentially Rabies-Infected Animal

Rabies is most commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. Knowing how to spot a potentially rabies-infected animal can help prevent exposure. Here are some signs to look out for:

  • Behavioral Changes: An infected animal might exhibit uncharacteristic behavior such as aggression, excessive drooling, or appearing unusually tame or fearless.

  • Physical Symptoms: Animals with rabies may have difficulty swallowing, experience paralysis, or show signs of disorientation.

  • Nocturnal Animals Active During Daytime: Animals like raccoons, bats, skunks, and foxes that are typically nocturnal may be seen active during the day if they are rabid.

What to Do If You Spot a Potentially Rabies-Infected Animal

If you encounter an animal that you suspect may have rabies, follow these steps:

  1. Do Not Approach: Maintain a safe distance. Do not try to touch or capture the animal.

  2. Secure Your Pets and Livestock: Keep them indoors or in a secure area away from the suspected rabid animal.

  3. Notify Authorities: Contact local animal control or public health officials. Provide details about the animal’s location and behavior.

Downloadable Rabies Brochure

Protecting Yourself from Rabies

  • Vaccinate pets: Ensure your dogs, cats, and other pets are up-to-date on their rabies vaccinations.

  • Avoid wild animals: Do not handle or feed wild animals.

  • Supervise children: Teach children never to approach or touch unfamiliar animals.

  • Seek medical attention promptly: If you are bitten or scratched by any animal, wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water and seek immediate medical attention.

Rabies Statistics: U.S. and Connecticut

Rabies remains a public health concern in the United States. Here are some statistics to provide context:

  • United States: Human rabies cases are considered rare in the U.S., with fewer than 10 cases reported each year.

  • United States: Each year, approximately 5,000 animal rabies cases are reported nationwide. Most of these cases occur in wildlife, including bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes.

  • Connecticut: Between 25 and 100 animal rabies cases are reported annually in Connecticut. Bats are the most common carriers, followed by raccoons and skunks.

 

Preventing Mosquito-Borne Illnesses in the Summer Months

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man applying insect repellent to child

As the summer months bring warmth and outdoor activities, they also bring mosquitoes. These tiny insects are more than just a nuisance; they can transmit several serious illnesses. Understanding how to avoid mosquito bites, what to do if bitten, and recognizing the symptoms of mosquito-borne illnesses is crucial for enjoying a healthy summer.

Common Mosquito-Borne Illnesses in the U.S.

In the United States, several mosquito-borne illnesses are prevalent during the summer months. The most common include:

  1. West Nile Virus (WNV): The leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the continental U.S. Most people infected with WNV do not develop symptoms, but about 1 in 5 will experience fever, headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Severe cases can lead to neurological illness.
  2. Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE): Although rare, EEE is a serious illness. Symptoms typically appear 4-10 days after a bite and can include high fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, drowsiness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures. Severe cases can lead to encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
  3. Zika Virus: While primarily a concern in tropical regions, occasional cases in the U.S. have been reported. Symptoms are generally mild and include fever, rash, headache, joint pain, conjunctivitis (red eyes), and muscle pain.

How to Avoid Mosquito Bites

Preventing mosquito bites is the first line of defense against these illnesses. Here are some effective strategies:

  1. Use Insect Repellent: Apply insect repellents that contain DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol. Follow the product instructions for proper application.
  2. Wear Protective Clothing: Long sleeves, long pants, and socks can help shield your skin from bites. Light-colored clothing is less attractive to mosquitoes.
  3. Install Screens: Ensure windows and doors are fitted with screens to keep mosquitoes outside. Repair any holes or tears promptly.
  4. Eliminate Standing Water: Mosquitoes lay eggs in standing water. Regularly empty water from flowerpots, gutters, buckets, pool covers, pet water dishes, and birdbaths.
  5. Use Mosquito Nets: In areas with high mosquito activity, consider using mosquito nets over beds or outdoor sitting areas.

What to Do if You Get a Mosquito Bite

Despite precautions, bites can still occur. Here’s how to manage them:

  1. Clean the Area: Wash the bite with soap and water to reduce the risk of infection.
  2. Apply an Ice Pack: This can help reduce swelling and numb the area, alleviating discomfort.
  3. Use Anti-Itch Creams: Over-the-counter creams containing hydrocortisone or calamine lotion can soothe itching. Antihistamines can also be effective.
  4. Avoid Scratching: Scratching can break the skin, leading to infection.

Recognizing Symptoms of Mosquito-Borne Illnesses

Being vigilant about symptoms is crucial for early detection and treatment. Here are common symptoms associated with mosquito-borne diseases:

  • Fever and Chills: Sudden onset of fever is common in many mosquito-borne illnesses.
  • Headache and Muscle Pain: These are typical symptoms of WNV, EEE, and Zika virus.
  • Rash: A rash can accompany Zika virus and WNV.
  • Neurological Symptoms: Severe headaches, stiff neck, confusion, and seizures can indicate serious conditions like EEE and severe WNV infection.
  • Joint Pain: Particularly in Zika virus cases.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the above symptoms, especially after being bitten by a mosquito, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing these illnesses effectively.

Mosquito Testing in Connecticut

Find out where mosquito testing is happening in Connecticut and the results of the testing by visiting the CT Agricultural Experiment Station.

Sun’s Out, Fun’s Out — But Let’s Keep Safety in Sight

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mom applying sunscreen to child

As the days lengthen and temperatures rise, many of us look forward to the joys of summer – spending time outdoors with loved ones, engaging in physical activity, and soaking up the sunshine. However, it’s important to remember that prolonged sun exposure can pose significant health risks.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a major contributor to skin cancer, the most common form of cancer in the United States. The American Academy of Dermatology Association estimates that approximately 9,500 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with skin cancer every day. UV radiation can also lead to premature aging, cataracts, and other health problems.

Public health professionals strongly advocate for sun safety practices to minimize these risks and ensure a healthy summer for everyone.

Here are some key recommendations:

  • Sunscreen Application: Broad-spectrum sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 or higher is essential. Apply generously to all exposed skin 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating.

  • Seek Shade, Especially Midday: The sun’s rays are strongest between 10 am and 4 pm. Schedule outdoor activities for earlier or later hours, or utilize shade provided by trees, umbrellas, or pop-up tents.

  • Protective Clothing: Sun-protective clothing offers an effective barrier against UV rays. Look for tightly woven fabrics with an Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) rating. Wide-brimmed hats that shade the face, ears, and neck are also recommended.

  • Hydration and Sun Safety Go Hand-in-Hand: Sun exposure increases the risk of dehydration. Drink plenty of water throughout the day, even if you don’t feel thirsty. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, as it can worsen dehydration.

  • Be Aware of Individual Risk Factors: Individuals with fair skin, a history of sunburn, or a family history of skin cancer are at a higher risk for sun damage. These individuals should be particularly vigilant about sun safety measures.

By incorporating these practices into your summer routine, you can significantly reduce your risk of sun-related health problems and enjoy the outdoors safely. Public health professionals are committed to promoting sun safety awareness and encourage everyone to make informed choices to protect themselves and their families.

Hepatitis Awareness Month: Get Tested. Get Treated. Get Cured. 

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Hepatitis Awareness Month

May is Hepatitis Awareness Month, an opportunity to talk about a serious liver disease and to empower the community to take control of their health. It’s also a call to action for those over 18 to Get Tested. Get Treated. Get Cured.

According to The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Hepatitis C is curable in more than 95% of cases. Early detection and timely treatment are key to preventing liver damage and further spread. That’s why Uncas Health District is highlighting the importance of Hep-C testing.

About Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a viral infection that attacks the liver. It’s important to understand the different forms:

  • Acute Hepatitis C: This is the short-term form of the disease. Many people experience no symptoms or mild flu-like symptoms that go unnoticed. Early detection is crucial, as some people can fight off the virus naturally.
  • Chronic Hepatitis C: If left untreated, acute Hepatitis C can progress to chronic Hepatitis C. This is a long-term infection that can damage the liver over time, potentially leading to cirrhosis (scarring) or even liver failure.

Who should get tested for Hep-C?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends Hepatitis C testing for everyone over the age of 18. Certain factors put you at higher risk, including:

  • Sharing needles or syringes with others
  • Having a history of blood transfusions before 1992
  • Having tattoos or piercings done with unsterile equipment
  • Having unprotected sex with someone who has Hepatitis C

Don’t wait for symptoms of Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C often has no noticeable symptoms in its early stages. The best way to know your status is to get tested. The good news? Hepatitis C is now highly curable with safe and effective medications. Early detection is key to preventing serious liver damage and getting the treatment you need to live a healthy life.

Get tested for Hep-C at Uncas Health District

Join us in raising awareness during Hepatitis C Awareness Month! Here’s how you can get involved:

  • National Hepatitis Testing Day: On May 17th, Uncas Health District will offer free Hepatitis C testing at St. Vincent dePaul Place in Norwich from 9:00 a.m. until 3:00 p.m.
  • Mobile Health Team: We also offer testing through our Mobile Health Team, which brings vital services directly to communities throughout Uncas Health District.

Talk to your Doctor about Hep-C

Schedule an appointment with your doctor and ask about getting tested for Hepatitis C. Getting tested is a simple step towards protecting your health and well-being. Together, let’s make Hepatitis C a thing of the past!

Uncas Health District: We’re here for you

For more information on Hepatitis C testing and prevention or when our Mobile Health Team will be in your area, please visit our website.

Flu Update: 51 New Cases Reported in First Week of April

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Flu Update - April 6, 2024
2023-24 continues to be a busy flu season, as 51 new influenza cases were identified in the 11 cities and towns of the Uncas Health District, according to April 6, 2024, data from the Connecticut Department of Health. This week’s reported numbers bring the flu season total to 987 cases in the district.
Those aged 18-49 represent the largest group for positive flu cases, comprising 379 of the total cases reported, followed by 5-17-year-olds with 208 cases. It is important to note that influenza cases are only reported if there is a hospitalization or if the positive test comes from a minor.
Flu Reporting Numbers

To help prevent the spread of flu and other illnesses, please remember to:

  • Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after being in public places or around sick people.
  • Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow to prevent spreading germs.
  • Stay home if you’re feeling unwell to avoid making others sick.

Stay safe and healthy!

Additional Flu Resources

Ticked Off — Your Guide to Tick Removal and Lyme Disease Prevention

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tick on a blade of grass

Living in Connecticut, we all cherish our state’s natural beauty. But with those scenic woodlands and brushy fields comes a potential health threat: ticks. These tiny arachnids can transmit Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne illness in the United States. Did you know that in Connecticut alone, an estimated 30,000 people contract Lyme disease each year? That’s a significant number, highlighting the importance of awareness and preventive measures.

The danger lies not just in the prevalence of ticks but also in the possibility of them carrying Lyme disease. While not all ticks are infected, about 30% of ticks in Connecticut can transmit the bacteria. Left untreated, Lyme disease can cause a range of health problems, from fatigue and joint pain to neurological issues and heart complications.

Minimizing Your Risk

So, how can you minimize your risk of encountering ticks and Lyme disease? Here are some key strategies:

  • Dress for Defense: Wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts when spending time outdoors. Tuck your pants into your socks for added protection.
  • Repel the Threat: Use insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or IR3535 on your clothing and exposed skin. Follow product instructions carefully.
  • Mind Your Surroundings: Stick to cleared trails and avoid tall grass and brushy areas where ticks are more likely to be present.

What to Do if You Find a Tick

Now, imagine you find a tick attached to your skin. Don’t panic! Here’s what to do:

  1. Remove Carefully: Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick near its head and gently pull it straight out. Avoid squeezing the body, as this can increase the risk of infection.
  2. Clean and Monitor: Disinfect the bite area with rubbing alcohol or soap and water. Keep an eye on the bite for the next few weeks, looking for the telltale “bullseye” rash, a circular red mark that expands over time.
  3. Seek Medical Attention: If you experience any symptoms of Lyme disease, such as fever, fatigue, muscle aches, or the bullseye rash, consult your doctor immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a full recovery.

If you find a tick and safely remove it, the tick can be brought to Uncas Health District for free testing. This helps public health officials track tick populations and Lyme disease prevalence in the area.

Remember, in Connecticut and across the U.S., Lyme disease is a significant public health concern. By following these preventive measures and taking prompt action in case of a tick bite, we can all play a role in protecting ourselves and our community. So stay vigilant, enjoy the outdoors responsibly, and let’s all have a safe and healthy summer.

Think. Test. Treat TB: World Tuberculosis Day – March 24th

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world TB day

Every year, on March 24th, we seek to raise awareness about tuberculosis (TB), a serious but preventable and treatable infectious disease. This year, Uncas Health District is asking residents of eastern Connecticut to  “Think, Test, and Treat TB” —  understanding the importance of early detection and treatment to stop the spread of Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis remains a significant global health threat. In 2022, more than 10 million cases of TB were reported worldwide, and 1.3 million people died from the disease. In the United States, while TB  cases have been on the decline, there were increases in reported cases in both 2021 and 2022. In 2022, there were 8,331 tuberculosis cases reported in the U.S.

A Local Perspective

While Tuberculosis is a global health concern, Connecticut has done a very good job at staying on top of active cases — leading to some of the lowest TB rates in the U.S. In 2022, Connecticut reported just 67 of the nation’s more than 8,300 cases — with just four reported in New London County. 

Despite the low number of cases in Connecticut, it is important that people remain vigilant in the prevention of the spread of Tuberculosis. Much like the national numbers, the state’s reported cases in 2022 showed a 24% increase over 2021. Local health departments, such as Uncas Health District, continue to be excellent resources for those with questions or concerns about Tuberculosis. 

Think. Test. Treat TB.

This year, we are  highlighting three critical steps in the fight against Tuberculosis:

  • Think: Be aware of the risk factors for TB. These include close contact with someone with TB, having a weakened immune system, being from a country with high TB rates, and substance abuse.
  • Test: If you experience symptoms like a persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, or fever, get tested for TB. A simple skin test or blood test can diagnose TB infection.
  • Treat: If you are diagnosed with TB, it’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if you start to feel better. Incomplete treatment can lead to drug-resistant TB, which is much harder to cure.

Latent TB Infection vs. TB Disease

It’s important to understand the difference between latent TB infection and TB disease:

  • Latent TB Infection: People with latent TB infection have the TB bacteria in their bodies but are not sick and cannot spread the disease to others. The immune system usually keeps the bacteria in check, preventing them from multiplying. However, people with latent TB infection can develop TB disease if their immune system weakens.
  • TB Disease: People with TB disease are sick and can spread the bacteria to others through coughs and sneezes, so this is why the “THINK. TEST. TREAT” message is so important to remember.

Early detection is key to stopping the spread of Tuberculosis. If you think you might be at risk for TB, talk to your doctor about getting tested. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent TB disease and save lives.

Additional Resources: