pertussis

The Importance of Getting Vaccinated Against Whooping Cough

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Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory illness that has seen an alarming resurgence recently. Cases of this disease in the United States have risen dramatically; tragically, two infants in Louisiana have died of the disease this year.

This is a stark reminder that even diseases widely regarded as under control can rebound, posing a significant public health threat in our communities — especially to the youngest and most vulnerable. Whooping cough is a vaccine-preventable disease, so receiving an immunization is the best way to prevent further spread.

 

What is Whooping Cough?

Whooping cough is caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. The illness typically starts with mild, cold-like symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, and a mild cough. After one to two weeks, the most serious symptom emerges: severe, rapid coughing fits that produce a high-pitched “whoop” sound as the person struggles to breathe. 

This disease is particularly dangerous to infants and young children. Since their airways are smaller, coughing fits can lead to serious complications including pneumonia, apnea (dangerous pauses in breathing), seizures, and even brain damage or death.

Whooping caught can persist for several weeks or even months, earning it the nickname “the 100-day cough.” Even when the intense coughing subsides, individuals can remain contagious for several weeks and potentially spread the disease to others.

 

The Importance of Vaccination

To protect against whooping cough, it is recommended that children receive either a DTaP or Tdap immunization. These are combination vaccines that also provide protection against diphtheria and tetanus. By exposing the body to harmless components of the pertussis bacteria, the vaccine helps the body develop antibodies to recognize and fight the bacteria if someone is exposed to it.

DTaP vaccines are given to children under the age of seven. They are administered as a series of four doses, starting at two months old and lasting until 15-18 months old. A booster dose is given between the age of four and six. 

 

Booster Shots

The effectiveness of childhood DTaP vaccines wanes over time, though they still guard against serious illness caused by whooping cough. Tdap is a vaccine given to older children and adults who have not previously been vaccinated. The Centers for Disease Control recommend that adults receive a Tdap dose if they have not been vaccinated against whooping cough, and that they get a booster every 10 years.

Booster shots are also recommended for adults who will be in close contact with infants, who are more vulnerable to whooping cough. Pregnant women are strongly advised to receive a dose of Tdap during their pregnancy, ideally between 27 and 36 weeks gestation, to pass protective antibodies on to their newborns.

Consult with your healthcare provider to ensure you and your family are up-to-date on your whooping cough vaccinations.

Learn more about the Uncas Health District’s immunization work here.

Whooping Cough Cases on the Rise in Connecticut: What You Need to Know

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young boy coughing

Connecticut is currently experiencing a spike in cases of whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory disease also known as pertussis. This increase is a reminder of the importance of vaccination and protecting our families and communities from preventable diseases.

Understanding Whooping Cough

Whooping cough is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The disease is particularly dangerous for infants and young children, but it can affect individuals of all ages.

Signs and Symptoms:

  • Initial Stage (Catarrhal Phase): Symptoms resemble a common cold, with a runny nose, sneezing, mild cough, and low-grade fever.
  • Progressive Stage (Paroxysmal Phase): The hallmark of whooping cough is a severe, persistent cough that comes in fits or paroxysms. During these coughing spells, individuals may experience difficulty breathing, vomiting, and exhaustion. The “whooping” sound occurs when the person inhales deeply after a coughing fit.
  • Recovery Stage (Convalescent Phase): The cough gradually lessens over several weeks but can persist for months.

The Dangers of Whooping Cough

Whooping cough is not just a nuisance; it can lead to serious complications, especially in infants and those with weakened immune systems. These complications include:

  • Pneumonia: A common and potentially life-threatening secondary infection.
  • Apnea: In infants, the disease can cause pauses in breathing.
  • Seizures and Brain Damage: Due to the lack of oxygen during prolonged coughing fits.
  • Death: Infants under six months are at the highest risk, with fatalities occurring in severe cases.

The Importance of Vaccination

Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent whooping cough. The DTaP vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, is recommended for infants and children, with booster doses (Tdap) for adolescents and adults. Pregnant women are also advised to receive the Tdap vaccine during each pregnancy to protect their newborns.

Despite the availability of vaccines, the recent rise in whooping cough cases suggests that some families may not be up-to-date on their vaccinations. This is particularly concerning as unvaccinated or under-vaccinated individuals contribute to the spread of the disease.

What You Can Do

To protect yourself and your loved ones, consider the following steps:

  • Check Vaccination Status: Ensure that everyone in your household is up-to-date with their DTaP and Tdap vaccines. If you’re unsure, access your vaccination record with CT WiZ.
  • Practice Good Hygiene: Encourage frequent handwashing and cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing to prevent the spread of germs.
  • Stay Informed: Keep up with local health advisories and be aware of any outbreaks in your community.

The spike in whooping cough cases in Connecticut is a serious public health concern. By recognizing the symptoms, understanding the risks, and ensuring that your family is vaccinated, you can help protect your community from this preventable disease. Don’t wait—take action today to safeguard your health and the health of those around you.