Uncas Health District

Men’s Health Month: Small Steps That Can Make a Big Difference

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Men's Health Month

For many men, going to the doctor is something that gets pushed to the bottom of the list. Work, family, responsibilities, and the simple feeling of “I’m fine” can make it easy to delay a checkup or ignore small health changes. But Men’s Health Month is a good reminder that taking care of your health does not have to be complicated. A few proactive steps, honest conversations, and simple daily habits can make a real difference in how you feel now and in the years ahead.

According to the CDC, heart disease, cancer, and unintentional injuries are among the leading causes of death for men in the United States. The good news is that many of the risk factors associated with these conditions can be managed through regular medical care and healthy lifestyle habits.

Start with Preventive Care

A yearly wellness visit is a simple but powerful first step. Even if you feel healthy, your health care provider can check important numbers such as blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, and weight, and help you understand what they mean for your long-term health.

Men should talk with their provider about which screenings are right for them based on age, family history, lifestyle, and personal risk factors. Important preventive care topics may include:

Blood pressure: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening adults age 18 and older for high blood pressure.

Cholesterol: The CDC notes that most healthy adults should have their cholesterol checked every 4 to 6 years, and some people may need testing more often.

Colorectal cancer: Adults ages 45 to 75 should be screened for colorectal cancer. People with a family history or other risk factors may need to start earlier.

Prostate cancer: Men ages 55 to 69 should talk with their provider about the potential benefits and risks of prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, testing before deciding whether screening is right for them.

Vaccines: Adults should stay up to date on recommended vaccines, including flu, COVID-19, tetanus/Tdap, shingles, pneumococcal, and others based on age and health conditions.

Break the Stigma Around Men’s Health

One of the biggest barriers to men’s wellness is the idea that asking for help is a sign of weakness. It is not. Scheduling a checkup, talking about stress, or asking questions about symptoms are signs of strength and responsibility.

This is especially important for mental health. Stress, anxiety, depression, substance use, grief, and burnout can affect anyone. The CDC notes that stigma can prevent or delay people from seeking care, even though support and treatment are available.

Men may not always describe emotional distress as sadness. It can show up as irritability, anger, sleep problems, withdrawal from family or friends, increased drinking, risk-taking, or feeling constantly overwhelmed. If you or someone you know is struggling, help is available. Call or text 988 or chat online with the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline for free, confidential support 24/7.

Simple Lifestyle Changes with Big Results

You do not need to overhaul your life overnight. Small, consistent changes can have a major impact over time.

Move more. Adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week, plus two days of muscle-strengthening activity. That can be as simple as a brisk 30-minute walk five days a week.

Choose healthier meals more often. Add more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and water. Even small swaps, such as choosing grilled instead of fried foods or replacing sugary drinks with water, can support heart health and weight management.

Prioritize sleep. Adults generally need 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. Poor sleep can affect mood, focus, blood pressure, weight, and overall health.

Cut back on alcohol. Drinking less is better for your health than drinking more. For adults who choose to drink, CDC guidance defines moderate drinking as two drinks or fewer in a day for men.

Quit tobacco and nicotine products. If you smoke, quitting is one of the most important steps you can take for your health. Support, medication, counseling, and quitlines can improve the chances of success.

Know your family history. A family history of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, or other conditions can affect your own risk. The CDC recommends sharing your family health history with your provider to help guide screenings and prevention.

Make June Your Starting Point

Men’s Health Month is a reminder that wellness is not just about avoiding illness. It is about having the energy, strength, and support to show up for yourself and the people who depend on you.

This month, choose one step: schedule a physical, check your blood pressure, take a walk after dinner, start a conversation about mental health, or ask your provider which screenings are right for you. Small steps today can lead to big health benefits tomorrow.

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CT DPH Confirms First Case of Clade I Mpox

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Gloved hands handling a blood sample tube over a rack of labeled vials in a lab setting

Commissioner Juthani urges at-risk population to seek vaccination ahead of the summer travel season

The Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) has identified the first case of clade I mpox in Connecticut through testing performed at the State Public Health Laboratory. The person with this case recently traveled to Western Europe, where clade I mpox is currently spreading. This case does not pose a risk to the general public.

Mpox is still spreading worldwide, including in the United States. It continues to affect gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men more than other groups. DPH urges people who may be at risk to get fully vaccinated with the JYNNEOS vaccine.

"Mpox hasn't gone away, and we want people to be protected, especially as many in our community prepare for travel, festivals, and gatherings this summer," said DPH Commissioner Manisha Juthani, M.D. "The vaccine is safe, effective, and widely available. Completing the two-dose series is the best way to protect yourself and your partners."

There are two types of the mpox virus: clade I and clade II. Clade II has been spreading in the U.S. and around the world since a large outbreak in 2022. Clade I has mainly caused outbreaks in Central and Eastern Africa and has recently been found in Western Europe. Since November 2024, more than 20 clade I mpox cases have been reported in the U.S. in people who traveled to affected areas or had close contact with someone who did.

Both types spread and cause illness in the same ways and can be prevented in the same ways. Mpox spreads mainly through direct skin-to-skin contact with the rash. The rash can look like pimples or blisters. It forms a scab before healing over several weeks. Some people also get fever, chills, headache, sore throat, or swollen lymph nodes. A person with mpox can spread the virus for up to four days before symptoms appear and until the rash has fully healed and new skin has formed.

If you develop symptoms that might be mpox, contact your healthcare provider right away. Testing is available through the Connecticut State Public Health Laboratory and other labs. Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself. DPH strongly recommends that people at risk get both doses of the JYNNEOS vaccine. Vaccines are available at pharmacies and clinics across the state. Talk to your healthcare provider to find out if you should get vaccinated.

For more information about mpox or to find a vaccination site, visit the DPH website.

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Cervical Cancer Prevention: Pap Tests, HPV Testing, and Vaccination

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Woman holding teal awareness ribbon

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. Regular screening can find cell changes before they become cancer, and HPV vaccination can help prevent the infections that cause most cervical cancers. Together, these tools give women powerful protection at different stages of life.

Most cervical cancers are caused by long-lasting infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus, or HPV. HPV is very common, and in many cases, the body clears the infection on its own. When a high-risk HPV infection does not go away, it can lead to changes in cervical cells over time. If those changes are not found and treated, they may eventually develop into cervical cancer.

Prevention Starts with Understanding HPV

HPV is a group of viruses spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact. Some types of HPV are considered low-risk and can cause genital warts. Other types are high-risk because they are linked to cancer, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and some throat cancers. The National Cancer Institute notes that HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for about 70% of cervical cancers, while other high-risk HPV types also contribute to cervical cancer risk.

Because HPV often has no symptoms, someone can have it without knowing. That is why routine screening matters. Cervical cancer prevention is not just about checking for cancer — it is about finding HPV or abnormal cervical cell changes early enough to prevent cancer from developing.

Pap Tests and HPV Tests: What’s the Difference?

The two main screening tools for cervical cancer are the Pap test and the HPV test. A Pap test, sometimes called a Pap smear, looks for abnormal or precancerous cell changes on the cervix. An HPV test looks for the virus that can cause those cell changes. Both tests can help prevent cervical cancer or find it early.

For women ages 21 to 29, cervical cancer screening is generally done with a Pap test every three years if results are normal. HPV testing is not typically recommended as routine co-testing for women younger than 30. For women ages 30 to 65, current federal women’s preventive services guidance recommends primary high-risk HPV testing every five years as the preferred option, or Pap and HPV co-testing every five years. If HPV testing is unavailable, Pap testing alone every 3 years remains an option.

A common misconception is that women need a Pap test every year. For most women at average risk, annual Pap testing is not recommended. However, this does not mean skipping annual wellness visits. A yearly checkup is still important for reviewing overall health, vaccines, menstrual or menopause symptoms, sexual health, contraception, family history, and other preventive care needs.

What Happens if a Result Is Abnormal?

An abnormal Pap or HPV test result does not usually mean cancer. It often means that HPV or cervical cell changes were found and that more follow-up is needed. Depending on the result, a provider may recommend repeat testing, HPV genotyping, a closer examination of the cervix called colposcopy, or a biopsy. The CDC emphasizes that when abnormal or precancerous cells are found, appropriate follow-up and treatment can prevent cervical cancer from developing in most cases.

The most important step after an abnormal result is to avoid delaying follow-up. Cervical cancer usually develops slowly, and timely evaluation gives providers the best opportunity to monitor or treat cell changes before they become serious.

HPV Vaccination: Cancer Prevention Before Exposure

HPV vaccination is another major tool in cervical cancer prevention. The CDC recommends routine HPV vaccination at ages 11 or 12, though vaccination can begin as early as age 9. Catch-up vaccination is recommended through age 26 for those who were not adequately vaccinated earlier.

Some adults aged 27 through 45 may also choose to get the HPV vaccine after talking with a health care provider. The vaccine offers less benefit for many adults in this age range because they may have already been exposed to HPV, but it can still be helpful for some people, depending on their risk for new HPV infection.

The HPV vaccine prevents new HPV infections, but it does not treat existing HPV infections or cervical cell changes. That is why the vaccine works best when given before exposure to HPV, and why women who have been vaccinated still need cervical cancer screening according to their age and health history.

HPV vaccination is not only for girls. Vaccinating boys and young men also helps prevent HPV-related cancers, including anal, penile, and some throat cancers, and helps reduce the spread of HPV overall.

Screening After Age 65

Many women can stop routine cervical cancer screening after age 65 if they have had adequate normal screening results and do not have a history of cervical precancer or cervical cancer. The CDC notes that a provider may recommend stopping screening after age 65 if a woman has had three normal Pap tests or two normal HPV tests in the past 10 years, has no history of cervical precancer, or has had the cervix removed as part of a total hysterectomy for non-cancerous reasons.

Women with a history of cervical cancer, high-grade precancerous changes, HIV, a weakened immune system, or certain other risk factors may need a different screening schedule. Anyone unsure about their screening history or hysterectomy status should ask a health care provider for recommendations.

A Newer Option: Self-Collected HPV Testing

Screening options are continuing to expand. In 2026, HRSA announced updated women’s preventive services guidelines that include self-collected high-risk HPV testing as an appropriate option for average-risk women ages 30 to 65. This option may help reduce barriers for women who avoid or delay screening because of discomfort, trauma history, transportation challenges, time constraints, or limited access to care.

Self-collection is not a replacement for follow-up care. If a self-collected HPV test is positive, additional testing may be needed to complete the screening process, such as cytology, colposcopy, biopsy, or other evaluation, depending on the result.

Reducing Risk Beyond Screening and Vaccination

Pap tests, HPV testing, and vaccination are the most important prevention tools, but other choices can also support cervical health. Not smoking is important because tobacco use increases cervical cancer risk and can make it harder for the immune system to fight HPV. Condoms can lower the risk of HPV transmission, though they do not eliminate the risk completely because HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom.

Women should also talk with a provider about any personal risk factors that may affect screening recommendations, including HIV, immunosuppressant medications, prior abnormal Pap or HPV results, a history of cervical precancer, or exposure to DES before birth.

The Bottom Line

Cervical cancer prevention is a success story in public health because it gives women multiple ways to lower their risk. HPV vaccination helps prevent the infections that cause most cervical cancers. Pap and HPV testing can find early warning signs before cancer develops. Follow-up care can treat abnormal changes before they become life-threatening.

The best prevention plan is simple: get vaccinated when recommended, follow the cervical cancer screening schedule that is right for your age and health history, and do not delay follow-up if a test result is abnormal. Regular preventive care gives women the strongest chance to stay healthy and catch concerns early.

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A Women’s Health Preventive Care Checklist for Every Stage of Life

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Smiling woman with yoga ball

Preventive care is one of the most important tools for staying healthy as we age. While some screenings are specific to women—such as mammograms, cervical cancer screenings, and bone density testing—many recommended health checks apply to everyone, including blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, colorectal cancer screening, vaccines, and mental health care.

This checklist is a general guide for adults at average risk. Your personal recommendations may be different based on family history, symptoms, pregnancy history, menopause, smoking history, medical conditions, medications, or prior test results. A yearly wellness visit is a good time to review what screenings, vaccines, and lifestyle steps are right for you.

In Your 20s and 30s: Build the Foundation

Preventive health starts well before midlife. During these years, regular checkups help establish baselines for blood pressure, weight, cholesterol, reproductive and mental health, and lifestyle habits.

Women should begin cervical cancer screening at age 21, unless their health care provider recommends otherwise based on their personal medical history. For people ages 21 to 29, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends a Pap test every 3 years. For ages 30 to 65, screening options include a Pap test every 3 years, a high-risk HPV test every 5 years, or co-testing with both Pap and HPV every 5 years.

Sexual health is also part of preventive care. The CDC recommends that everyone ages 13 to 64 be tested for HIV at least once. Sexually active women younger than 25 should also be tested yearly for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Women 25 and older may need annual testing depending on risk factors such as new or multiple partners.

Vaccines matter in adulthood, too. The CDC recommends HPV vaccination routinely at ages 11–12, catch-up vaccination through age 26, and shared decision-making for some adults ages 27–45 who were not previously vaccinated. Adults should also stay current with recommended vaccines, including flu, COVID-19, Tdap/Td, hepatitis B, MMR, varicella, and others, based on age, health status, pregnancy, travel, work, or other risk factors.

Healthy habits built early pay off later. Aim for regular physical activity, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, tobacco avoidance, limited alcohol, sun protection, and routine dental and vision care. Adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week, plus two days of muscle-strengthening activity.

In Your 40s: Add Cancer and Heart Health Conversations

Your 40s are an important time to take a closer look at cancer prevention, heart health, metabolism, and bone health — especially as perimenopause may begin for some women.

Breast cancer screening generally begins at age 40 for women at average risk. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening mammograms every other year from ages 40 through 74. Women with a strong family history, known genetic risk, prior chest radiation, dense breasts, or previous breast concerns should talk with a health care provider about whether earlier or more frequent screening is appropriate.

Heart health should also be a priority. Blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose, body weight, smoking, diet, physical activity, and sleep are all important factors to review during preventive visits. After age 40, clinicians often use risk calculators to estimate the chance of heart disease or stroke.

Diabetes screening becomes especially important in midlife. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening adults ages 35 to 70 who are overweight or obese for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, with referral to effective preventive interventions when prediabetes is found.

This is also a good decade to discuss menstrual changes, heavy bleeding, hot flashes, sleep disruption, mood changes, urinary symptoms, sexual health, and family history of breast, ovarian, uterine, colorectal, or heart disease.

In Your 50s: Prioritize Colorectal, Breast, Bone, and Menopause Health

At age 45, colorectal cancer screening becomes a routine recommendation for adults at average risk. Screening options may include stool-based tests, colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or CT colonography. Colonoscopy is one of the best-known options, and if results are normal, it is often repeated every 10 years; however, the right test and timing should be decided with a healthcare provider. Adults ages 45 to 75 should be screened for colorectal cancer, while screening for those ages 76 to 85 should be individualized.

Mammograms should continue through this decade, generally every other year for average-risk women ages 40 to 74 under U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidance. Cervical cancer screening should also generally continue through age 65 for women who still need this screening, depending on their health history and prior results.

Bone health deserves special attention after menopause, when declining estrogen can accelerate bone loss. Calcium and vitamin D are both important for maintaining strong bones. Not getting enough calcium can cause the body to draw calcium from bones over time, weakening them and increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Weight-bearing exercise, strength training, fall prevention, and not smoking also support bone health.

This is also the decade when many women experience menopause. Preventive visits are a good time to talk about hot flashes, sleep, mood, weight changes, vaginal dryness, urinary symptoms, sexual comfort, cardiovascular risk, and bone density risk.

In Your 60s and Beyond: Focus on Strength, Independence, and Early Detection

Women age 65 and older should be screened for osteoporosis with bone density testing, usually with a DXA scan. Postmenopausal women younger than 65 may also need screening if they have risk factors such as low body weight, parental history of hip fracture, smoking, excess alcohol use, or other clinical risks.

Preventive care in this stage should also include fall risk, balance, muscle strength, medications, vision, hearing, dental health, memory concerns, mood, sleep, nutrition, and social connection. For adults 65 and older, regular physical activity should include aerobic exercise, muscle-strengthening activity, and balance activities each week.

Vaccines become increasingly important with age. Depending on age and medical history, adults may need shingles vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination, flu vaccination every year, updated COVID-19 vaccination, RSV vaccination, and other vaccines based on individual risk. The CDC adult immunization schedule is updated regularly, so vaccine needs should be reviewed at least once a year.

Some adults may also qualify for lung cancer screening. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends annual low-dose CT screening for adults ages 50 to 80 who have a 20-pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years.

Preventive Care for Every Age

Some health checks are important throughout adulthood. Blood pressure should be checked regularly, and high readings should be confirmed outside the clinical setting before treatment begins. Depression screening is also recommended for adults, including pregnant and postpartum women and adults age 65 and older, with follow-up evaluation and care when screening is positive.

At every age, ask your health care provider about:

  • Blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes risk, and heart health
  • Cervical, breast, colorectal, lung, and skin cancer screening when appropriate
  • Vaccines based on age, pregnancy, health conditions, job, travel, and risk factors
  • Sexual health, HIV/STI testing, and contraception or pregnancy planning when relevant
  • Bone health, especially after menopause
  • Nutrition, including calcium, vitamin D, protein, fiber, and hydration
  • Physical activity, strength training, balance, and fall prevention
  • Tobacco, alcohol, sleep, stress, and mental health
  • Medication review, especially for older adults

Preventive care is not one-size-fits-all. The best checklist is one you review regularly with a trusted health care provider—one that reflects your age, body, family history, lifestyle, and goals for healthy aging.

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Tick Bite Prevention: Repel, Check, Remove

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Group of children hiking through a sunlit forest on a wooden balance trail with backpacks nearby.

As the weather gets warmer and days grow longer, many of us spend more time outdoors — walking, gardening, hiking, camping, attending sports, visiting parks, or simply enjoying the backyard. But warmer weather also means more opportunities for tick exposure. Ticks can be active year-round, but they are most active during the warmer months, especially from April through September. That makes spring, summer, and early fall an important time to build tick prevention into your outdoor routine.

In Connecticut, tick bite prevention is especially important. The Connecticut Department of Public Health notes that several tick species found in the state can spread diseases to people, including Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, Powassan virus disease, spotted fever rickettsiosis, and tularemia. The best protection is prevention: repel ticks before you go outside, check for ticks when you come back in, and remove attached ticks quickly and properly.

See the Tick Bite Bot — Interactive Tool for Tick Bite Management

Step One: Repel Ticks Before You Go Outside

Tick prevention starts before you head outdoors. Ticks are commonly found in grassy, brushy, or wooded areas, but they can also be found in yards and neighborhoods. Activities like gardening, walking the dog, hiking, camping, and playing outside can all bring people into contact with ticks.

Before spending time outdoors, use an EPA-registered insect repellent that is labeled for ticks. The CDC recommends products containing ingredients such as DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-menthane-diol, or 2-undecanone. Always follow the product label, and remember that products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol should not be used on children under age 3.

The EPA also offers a repellent search tool that allows people to choose products based on whether they need protection from mosquitoes, ticks, or both, and how long they expect to be outdoors. This can be helpful when planning for short walks, full-day hikes, outdoor work, or family events.

Clothing can add another layer of protection. When possible, wear long sleeves, long pants, and closed-toe shoes. Tucking pants into socks may not win any fashion awards, but it can help keep ticks on the outside of clothing where they are easier to spot. Light-colored clothing can also make ticks easier to see.

For added protection, the CDC recommends treating boots, clothing, and outdoor gear with products containing 0.5% permethrin or purchasing permethrin-treated clothing and gear. Permethrin should be used only as directed on the label and should not be applied directly to skin.

Step Two: Check Yourself, Children, Pets, and Gear for Ticks

After spending time outdoors, make tick checks part of your routine—just like washing your hands or putting away outdoor gear. Ticks can ride into the home on clothing, pets, backpacks, coats, and other items, then attach later. The CDC recommends checking pets, clothing, and gear after being outside.

Showering soon after coming indoors can also help. The CDC notes that showering within 2 hours of entering has been shown to reduce the risk of Lyme disease and may help reduce the risk of other tickborne diseases. A shower also provides a good opportunity to do a careful tick check.

When checking for ticks, look carefully at warm, hidden, or hard-to-see areas of the body, including:

  • Under the arms
  • In and around the ears
  • Inside the belly button
  • Behind the knees
  • Between the legs
  • Around the waist
  • Along the hairline and scalp

Parents and caregivers should check children closely after outdoor play, especially after time in wooded areas, tall grass, leaf litter, camps, fields, or backyards near brush. Pets should also be checked, as ticks can attach to them or be carried indoors on their fur.

Clothing matters after outdoor activity, too. If ticks may be on clothing, the CDC recommends tumble-drying clothes on high heat for 10 minutes to kill ticks on dry clothing. If clothes need to be washed first, hot water is recommended, as cold or medium-temperature water will not kill ticks.

Step Three: Remove Attached Ticks Quickly and Correctly

If you find a tick attached to your skin, do not panic—but do remove it as soon as possible. The CDC advises removing an attached tick promptly rather than waiting to have a health care provider remove it, because delaying removal can increase the risk of tickborne disease.

To remove a tick safely:

  1. Use clean, fine-tipped tweezers if available.
  2. Grasp the tick as close to the skin’s surface as possible.
  3. Pull upward with steady, even pressure.
  4. Do not twist, jerk, or squeeze the tick’s body.
  5. Clean the bite area and your hands with soap and water, rubbing alcohol, or hand sanitizer.

Avoid using petroleum jelly, heat, nail polish, or other substances to try to make the tick detach. The CDC warns that these methods may agitate the tick and force infected fluid into the skin.

After removal, dispose of the live tick by placing it in a sealed container, wrapping it tightly in tape, putting it in alcohol, or flushing it down the toilet. Do not crush a tick with your fingers.

Know When to Call a Health Care Provider About Tick Bites

Not every tick bite leads to illness, but it is important to watch for symptoms in the days and weeks after a bite. The CDC recommends contacting a health care provider if you develop a rash or fever within several weeks of removing a tick. Be sure to tell the provider when the bite occurred and where you may have picked up the tick.

Early symptoms of Lyme disease can appear 3 to 30 days after a tick bite and may include fever, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint aches, swollen lymph nodes, or a rash. The rash does not always look like a classic “bull’s-eye,” so any expanding rash after a tick bite should be taken seriously.

If symptoms develop, do not wait for tick testing results before seeking care. The CDC notes that tick testing is generally not recommended for treatment decisions because a positive test result does not necessarily indicate infection, and a negative test can provide false reassurance.

Make Tick Prevention a Habit

Tick prevention does not mean staying indoors. It means enjoying the outdoors with a few simple precautions. Before going outside, use repellent and dress with ticks in mind. After coming indoors, check your body, your children, your pets, your clothing, and your gear. If you find a tick attached, remove it quickly and correctly.

As more people head outside to enjoy the warmer weather, a simple “repel, check, remove” routine can help protect individuals and families from tick bites and tick-borne illnesses. A few minutes of prevention can make outdoor activities safer, healthier, and more enjoyable all season long.

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Protecting Your Household from Risks with Wells, Septics, Household Hazards, and Lead

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Hazard tape reads 'DANGER LEAD HAZARD WORK AREA KEEP OUT' in foreground as two workers in protective hazmat suits work near a house window in the background.

Environmental health begins at home. The systems and materials we rely on every day — private wells, septic systems, household products, and older housing materials — can affect health and safety when they are not properly maintained or managed. In Eastern Connecticut, where many homes rely on private wells and septic systems and older housing remains common, prevention and routine maintenance are essential for protecting your household.

Private Wells Require Ongoing Attention

For households served by a private well, water quality should never be assumed. As noted in the Uncas Health District’s well water information, regular testing is important because water quality can change over time, and appearance alone does not indicate whether water is safe. Annual testing, as well as additional follow-up after flooding, repairs, or noticeable changes in taste, odor, or appearance, can help identify concerns before they become health risks.

In southeastern Connecticut, well owners should also be aware of local conditions that may affect groundwater quality. Flooding, stormwater intrusion, runoff, impacts from nearby septic systems, and certain historic or current land uses can all affect private well safety.

PFAS and Emerging Water Quality Concerns

One emerging issue for private well owners is PFAS, a group of chemicals that persist in the environment and may affect drinking water sources. The Connecticut Institute of Water Resources at UConn provides helpful information about PFAS testing, why these substances are a concern, and when testing may be appropriate for private wells. Staying informed about groundwater risks is an important step in protecting household water quality.

Septic Systems Are Part of Home Environmental Health

Septic systems are another important part of home environmental health. When properly maintained, they help safely manage wastewater and protect groundwater quality. When neglected, they can contribute to contamination and create both environmental and public health concerns. Routine inspections, pumping as needed, water conservation, and proper disposal practices all play an important role in keeping a septic system functioning effectively.

Everyday Household Habits Matter

Environmental health also includes the choices made inside the home every day. Improperly disposing of grease, chemicals, medications, or non-flushable products can damage septic systems and introduce hazards into the home environment. Small steps—such as using household chemicals carefully, storing hazardous products safely, and avoiding improper disposal—can help reduce risks and protect both indoor and outdoor environmental health.

Lead Safety in Older Homes

Lead safety is another critical part of maintaining a healthy home, particularly in older housing. Connecticut’s Lead Poisoning Prevention and Control Program provides important guidance to residents on the dangers of lead exposure and the steps they can take to prevent it. Lead remains a serious health concern, especially for young children and pregnant individuals, and there is no safe level of lead exposure.

Older homes are especially important to monitor because lead-based paint was commonly used before 1978. As painted surfaces deteriorate—or are disturbed during repair or renovation—lead dust can be released into the home. Windows, doors, trim, porches, and other high-friction surfaces can be common sources of exposure. The state’s lead prevention program offers resources for homeowners, families, and contractors to help identify hazards and reduce exposure.

Renovations Can Increase Risk

Renovation work in older homes should be approached carefully. Sanding, scraping, demolition, and window replacement can all disturb lead-based paint if proper precautions are not taken. Using lead-safe work practices and qualified professionals can help reduce the spread of hazardous dust and keep household members safer during home improvement projects. Homeowners planning work on pre-1978 housing should review the state’s lead safety and prevention guidance before beginning a project.

Prevention Starts at Home

Residents are encouraged to think of environmental health as an ongoing part of home maintenance rather than something addressed only when a problem arises. Annual well testing, awareness of PFAS and groundwater risks, regular septic maintenance, safer handling of household products, and lead-safe renovation practices can all help reduce preventable hazards at home.

Protecting health at home often begins with awareness. By staying informed and taking preventive steps, households can help safeguard their drinking water, living environment, and long-term well-being. For more information, residents can learn more about PFAS testing through UConn’s Connecticut Institute of Water Resources and access the state’s Lead Poisoning Prevention and Control Program.

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National Volunteer Week: The Essential Role of Volunteers in Our Communities

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Emergency responders treat a patient on a yellow spine board beside an ambulance; red first-aid bag in foreground with a white cross.

During National Volunteer Week, April 19–25, 2026, Uncas Health District is proud to recognize the individuals whose service helps protect the health, safety, and resilience of our communities. National Volunteer Week is a longstanding annual observance that honors the impact of volunteer service and the many ways volunteers strengthen communities across the country.

Across the towns served by Uncas Health District, volunteerism remains an essential part of everyday life. In public health and community safety, volunteers help sustain the networks residents rely on in both routine and emergency situations. Their service often happens quietly, but its value is seen every day in stronger preparedness, broader community support, and a deeper sense of local connection.

In many communities within the Uncas Health District, volunteer fire and EMS resources are an important part of local emergency response. That commitment is visible across Eastern Connecticut, where volunteer departments continue to provide fire protection and emergency medical services to their towns and surrounding areas.

Volunteerism is equally important in public health. At Uncas Health District, we see firsthand how health professionals, community members, and local partners contribute their time and expertise in support of clinics, education, outreach, preparedness, and community wellness initiatives. These efforts help extend the reach of public health services and strengthen our ability to respond to community needs in meaningful and practical ways.

One of the clearest examples of this commitment is the Uncas Health District Medical Reserve Corps (Uncas MRC), Region 4. The Uncas MRC is part of a national network of community-based volunteers who support public health infrastructure during emergencies and help strengthen community preparedness year-round. The program serves the Uncas Health District’s 11 municipalities — Bozrah, Franklin, Griswold, Lebanon, Lisbon, Montville, Norwich, Preston, Salem, Sprague, and Voluntown — and welcomes both medical professionals and non-medical support personnel.

Through the Medical Reserve Corps, volunteers receive free training and participate in drills, exercises, and community activities that prepare them to assist when needed. Uncas Health District notes that MRC volunteers support efforts such as flu clinics, health expos, recruitment events, and preparedness outreach, helping build a stronger and more resilient public health system across the region.

This is an important reminder that volunteer service in public health takes many forms. Some volunteers respond directly in emergencies. Others contribute through education, planning, clinic support, outreach, and preparedness efforts that help communities remain informed and connected. Whether serving through fire and EMS organizations, public health programs, or the Medical Reserve Corps, volunteers make a meaningful contribution to the well-being of our towns.

At Uncas Health District, we recognize that strong communities depend on collaboration. Public health is most effective when supported not only by agencies and systems, but also by individuals who are willing to share their time, skills, and commitment in service to others. Volunteers help strengthen local service capacity, improve community readiness, and reinforce partnerships that protect health and safety throughout the district.

This National Volunteer Week, Uncas Health District extends sincere appreciation to all those who volunteer in support of community health, emergency response, and public service. We are especially grateful to the members of our Medical Reserve Corps, as well as the volunteer fire and EMS personnel and community partners whose dedication continues to make a lasting difference across our region.

Their service reflects the very best of public health in action: local, responsive, compassionate, and rooted in community.

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National Infant Immunization Week: Why Staying on Schedule Matters

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Baby lying on a bed as a clinician in blue gloves administers a vaccine in the upper arm.

Routine vaccines help protect babies and young children during the years they are most vulnerable to serious illness.

Each April, National Infant Immunization Week highlights the importance of protecting infants and young children from vaccine-preventable diseases. It also serves as a timely reminder for parents and caregivers to review their child’s vaccination schedule and stay current with recommended well-child visits.

The first two years of life are especially important for immunizations. During this stage, children are more vulnerable to illnesses that can lead to serious complications. Staying on schedule helps ensure they receive protection at the right time, when it matters most.

Routine childhood vaccines remain one of the safest and most effective ways to prevent the spread of serious disease. Keeping up with recommended immunizations not only helps protect individual children but also supports the health of families, schools, and the broader community.

National Infant Immunization Week is a good opportunity to check in with your child’s pediatrician or healthcare provider, ask questions, and make sure your family is up to date. Small steps now can help provide lasting protection in the months and years ahead.

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Private Wells: When and Why to Test Your Water

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If your home uses a private well, the safety of that water is largely your responsibility. Connecticut advises regular testing because water quality can change over time, and testing is the only way to know whether your water is safe to drink. State health officials also note that about 23% of Connecticut residents rely on private wells, so this is not a small issue.

A common misconception is that if a well passed inspection when the house was built or purchased, it must still be fine today. That is not necessarily true. Connecticut specifically notes that mortgage-related water tests are not required by law and may not include all contaminants. Even water that looks, smells, and tastes normal can contain contaminants that affect health.

Why Testing Matters, Especially in Southeastern Connecticut

For homeowners in southeastern Connecticut, well testing matters for several reasons. Shoreline and low-lying properties may be more vulnerable to flooding, stormwater intrusion, and salt-related issues. Rural properties may face risks tied to nearby septic systems, runoff, or older land uses. Connecticut also recommends paying attention to area-specific problems by checking with your local health department and even asking neighbors whether they have had water-quality issues.

Some of the biggest concerns are not visible. Connecticut recommends annual testing for “basic indicators” such as total coliform bacteria, nitrate, nitrite, sodium, chloride, iron, manganese, turbidity, pH, sulfate, color, and odor. The state also recommends testing for arsenic, uranium, and radon at least once, ideally repeating those tests every 5 years, because these naturally occurring contaminants can be found in groundwater in some parts of Connecticut. In a statewide USGS study of private bedrock wells, 3.9% of samples exceeded the EPA standard for arsenic, and 4.7% exceeded the EPA standard for uranium.

PFAS can matter too, but not in the same way. Connecticut does not generally recommend routine PFAS testing for every private well because collection is specialized and expensive. Instead, PFAS testing is most worth considering when a well is near a suspected source, such as a current or former fire training area, fire house, airport, military facility, landfill, biosolids-applied field, or certain industrial sites.

Signs That Something May Be Wrong with Your Well Water

One clear warning sign is any noticeable change in taste, color, odor, or clarity. Connecticut advises homeowners to take those changes seriously and contact their local health department or the DPH Private Well Program for guidance. Rust-colored water, black or brown staining, cloudy or muddy water, rotten-egg or swampy odors, and salty or brackish taste can all point to specific water-quality problems.

Other signs are less obvious. Recurrent gastrointestinal illness in the household can suggest contamination from human or animal waste, a flooded well, a cracked casing, or a septic problem. High nitrate and nitrite levels are also important because they can come from fertilizer runoff, septic failure, or animal waste; the EPA notes that high nitrate levels in drinking water are especially dangerous for infants because they can cause methemoglobinemia, sometimes called “blue baby syndrome.”

Radon deserves special attention in Connecticut. The state recommends testing water for radon if your home is served by a well, even if your indoor air radon level is low, because the only way to know for sure is to test both. Radon in water can also move into indoor air during showering, laundry, and other household water use.

The Safest Ways to Use and Operate a Private Well

The safest well is one that is protected before a problem starts. The EPA recommends keeping hazardous chemicals away from the well and out of septic systems; pumping and inspecting septic systems as recommended; installing a sanitary seal; sloping the area around the well so runoff drains away; and using a certified well driller for new construction or modifications.

Connecticut adds some practical construction and maintenance advice. For drilled wells, the steel casing should extend at least six inches above grade and be fitted with a certified watertight well cap with a screened vent. Existing well pits should be eliminated because they increase the likelihood of surface water reaching the wellhead. Dug wells are considered higher-risk because they are more vulnerable to surface water, insects, and rodents.

After flooding, the safest approach is to be cautious first. Connecticut says heavy rain and flooding can affect wells, springs, and shallow sources, especially when runoff from septic systems, agricultural areas, or animal waste is involved. If flooding occurs or you notice unusual color, taste, or odor after a storm, use bottled water for drinking and cooking until testing shows the water is safe. For suspected bacterial contamination after flooding, the state notes that boiling water rapidly for at least one minute can disinfect it as a temporary emergency measure.

Disinfection also matters after repairs or contamination events. Connecticut recommends disinfecting a well after plumbing repairs, after the well cap has been removed, after flooding, or after an unsatisfactory bacteriological result. The follow-up check is important too: once chlorine has cleared, the water should be retested through a state-approved lab to confirm the absence of coliform bacteria.

When Should You Test Your Water?

For most private wells, Connecticut recommends a basic indicator test every year. The state also recommends testing whenever there has been repair work to the well, pump, or water pipes, or when the well head has been flooded. A good time of year to test is after a heavy rainstorm, generally in spring or fall. It is also strongly recommended when buying a home.

Beyond that annual test, Connecticut recommends testing lead at least once, and again when planning a pregnancy, when a child under 6 lives in the home, or every 3 to 5 years if the water is corrosive. The state recommends testing for arsenic, uranium, and radon at least once, ideally every 5 years. VOCs should be tested at least once, and more often if there is reason to suspect a spill or contamination source. Fluoride should be checked every five years when a child under 12 is present.

What Testing Method Works Best?

The most reliable approach is laboratory testing through a Connecticut state-certified drinking-water lab. Connecticut says homeowners should make sure the lab is certified to test for the contaminants requested, because some tests require special bottles, special handling, or rapid delivery to the lab. The state also stresses that sample collection must follow the lab’s instructions carefully, as some tests require first-draw water and others require flushed samples.

UConn Extension recommends asking for the basic potability package and confirming that arsenic and uranium are included. It also advises including tests for total coliforms and E. coli, and adding tests for radon, pesticides, petroleum compounds, or PFAS when local conditions warrant. For PFAS, Connecticut says sampling can be easily contaminated if not properly collected and handled, and DEEP recommends using an experienced environmental professional; for investigations, EPA Method 533 is recommended.

Finally, keep your records. Connecticut recommends saving all water test results with dates, because changes over time can reveal emerging problems and indicate whether a treatment device is still working as it should. If you already have treatment equipment in your home, the state says you should test both before and after treatment to make sure the system is still effective.

Bottom Line

Private well water should never be taken on faith. In southeastern Connecticut, where coastal conditions, flooding, septic impacts, and area-specific contamination sources can all play a role, routine testing is one of the simplest ways to protect your household. The smart baseline is annual testing for basic indicators, one-time-plus-repeat testing for contaminants such as arsenic, uranium, and radon, and extra testing any time the water changes, the well is flooded, repairs are made, or local conditions raise concern.

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How CT’s Health Districts Protect Communities Every Day

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When people think about public health, they often think about the big moments: a disease outbreak, a vaccination campaign, or an emergency response during a storm or pandemic.

But public health is just as often found in the quieter, everyday work that keeps communities safe long before a crisis begins.

In Connecticut, local and regional health departments are where public health becomes action. They are the teams inspecting restaurants, reviewing septic and well permits, monitoring disease trends, preparing for emergencies, responding to complaints, and helping communities prevent problems before they grow. And in eastern Connecticut, Uncas Health District is a strong example of that work in motion.

What is a Public Health District?

Connecticut’s public health system includes both municipal health departments and multi-town health districts. These districts are created under state law so municipalities can work together to provide professional public health services across a region.

That legal structure matters. Public health districts are not informal partnerships or advisory groups. They are established governmental entities charged with carrying out the duties local health departments are required to perform under Connecticut law. Their authority is grounded in state statute, and their work is part of the state’s broader public health system.

In practical terms, that means health districts are responsible for enforcing health laws, protecting environmental health, supporting disease prevention and control, educating the public, and helping communities prepare for emergencies. Connecticut law also sets expectations for a “basic health program,” which includes monitoring community health, investigating health problems, enforcing regulations, mobilizing partnerships, and responding to local public health needs.

That may sound broad, but it is exactly the point: public health districts exist to turn policy into protection.

Why This Work Matters

Much of what public health districts do can seem routine, technical, or even bureaucratic. Health inspections. Permit reviews. Documentation. Complaint follow-up. Compliance checks.

But these are not side tasks. They are the infrastructure of prevention.

A restaurant inspection is about more than paperwork. It is about reducing the risk of foodborne illness before anyone gets sick.

A septic review is about more than a permit. It is about protecting groundwater, drinking water, and the long-term health of a neighborhood.

A public pool inspection is about more than code enforcement. It is about making sure a family can safely enjoy a community space.

And disease reporting is about more than tracking numbers. It is about spotting patterns early, investigating cases, coordinating response, and limiting spread.

The reality is that public health often works best when nothing dramatic happens. That is because trained professionals were doing the steady, consistent work that prevents harm in the first place.

Uncas Health District: Public Health on the Ground

Uncas Health District serves eleven municipalities in eastern Connecticut: Bozrah, Franklin, Griswold, Lebanon, Lisbon, Montville, Norwich, Preston, Salem, Sprague, and Voluntown. Across those communities, the district provides a regional model of public health service built around prevention, enforcement, education, and preparedness.

Its work spans several core areas.

Inspections and Environmental Health

This is one of the most visible and essential parts of local public health. Uncas Health District helps oversee conditions that shape daily life and community safety, including food service, wells, septic systems, public pools, temporary events, and other regulated environments.

These services may not always make headlines, but they protect residents in tangible, immediate ways. They help ensure that food is handled safely, wastewater systems function properly, and public facilities meet health standards.

This is also where public trust is built. Communities rely on local health officials to apply standards fairly, consistently, and professionally. That consistency is one of the district model's major strengths, especially across multiple towns.

Preparedness and Emergency Response

Public health districts are also a critical part of emergency readiness.

Preparedness is not simply writing plans and putting them on a shelf. It is building systems, training staff and volunteers, coordinating with partners, and making sure the region can respond when something happens.

For the Uncas Health District, that includes public health emergency planning and support through the Medical Reserve Corps, which helps strengthen local response capacity. It also includes community-based outreach and service delivery that can be expanded during times of higher need.

In a public health emergency, response depends on relationships and readiness built long before the emergency begins. That is one of the most important roles a district plays.

Disease Control and Community Health

Disease control is another core public health function that often operates quietly but carries enormous importance.

Local health districts help investigate reportable illnesses, monitor trends, communicate risk, and support prevention efforts in schools, businesses, healthcare settings, and the broader community. They connect state-level surveillance to local action.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, this role became especially visible. But disease control has always been part of the job. Whether the concern is influenza, foodborne illness, hepatitis, mosquito-borne disease, or another emerging health issue, public health districts are part of the front line.

That frontline work is not limited to response. It also includes education, testing access, vaccination support, and outreach that helps residents stay healthier over time.

The Value of the “Behind-the-Scenes” Work

One of the biggest misconceptions about public health is that it only matters during a crisis.

In reality, the strength of public health is built through everyday systems: inspections, data collection, enforcement, communication, planning, and prevention. These are the things that can feel bureaucratic from the outside. But without them, there is no structure for accountability, no consistency in enforcement, and no reliable way to respond when risk appears.

That is why public health districts matter so deeply.

They are the link between state public health law and community-level protection. They make sure health standards are not just written, but applied. They bring expertise to towns that may not have the capacity to provide the full range of services on their own. And they help make public health visible not only in emergencies but also in everyday conditions that allow communities to thrive.

Public Health, in Action

At its best, public health is both visible and invisible. Sometimes it looks like a vaccine clinic, a public alert, or an emergency response. Other times it looks like an inspection report, a permit review, or a follow-up call that prevents a larger problem.

Connecticut’s public health districts are where that work comes to life. And Uncas Health District shows what that looks like in practice: steady, regional, professional public health work that protects residents every day.

Not glamorous. Not always headline-making. But absolutely essential.

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