Uncas Health District

Safe Medication Storage and Disposal: Simple Steps to Protect Your Home

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Man hold medication bottle reading instruction or prescription on packaging

Prescription and over-the-counter medications can help people manage health conditions, relieve symptoms, and recover from illness. However, medications that are stored improperly or kept after they are no longer needed can create serious risks—including accidental poisoning, medication errors, misuse, and overdose.

Regularly reviewing your medications, securing those you still need, and safely disposing of those you no longer need can help protect children, teens, older adults, visitors, and pets.

Keep Medications Secure

All medications should be stored out of sight and reach of children. Whenever possible, keep prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and supplements in a locked cabinet, box, or drawer. This is particularly important for opioids, sedatives, sleep medications, and other drugs that can cause severe harm when taken by someone for whom they were not prescribed.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(opens in new tab) recommends putting medications away after every use—even when another dose will be needed later. Avoid leaving medicine on counters, nightstands, or tables, and remember that medications may also be found in purses, backpacks, coat pockets, and luggage.

Child-resistant packaging provides an added layer of protection, but it is not childproof. Close each container securely after use and store it in a location children cannot see or reach.

Always Use the Original, Labeled Container

Never store medications in unlabeled bottles, plastic bags, cups, or food containers. Without the original label, it can be difficult to identify the drug, dosage, expiration date, or person for whom it was prescribed. This increases the risk of taking the wrong medication or receiving an incorrect dose.

Keep medications in their original, child-resistant containers whenever possible. If you use a pill organizer, fill it carefully and keep both the organizer and the original prescription bottles in a secure location. Many pill organizers are not child-resistant and can be opened easily.

Never combine different medications in one prescription bottle, and do not share prescription drugs with another person—even if that person has similar symptoms.

Safely Dispose of Unused or Expired Medications

Do not keep medications that are expired, no longer needed, or no longer prescribed. Removing them from the home reduces the chance of accidental ingestion, medication errors, and misuse.

The safest option for most medications is an authorized drug take-back location. Connecticut residents can use the state’s local drug collection box directory(opens in new tab) or the DEA’s year-round drug disposal locator(opens in new tab) to find a participating police department, pharmacy, or other authorized collection site.

Before using a collection box, check its rules. Many locations accept prescription and over-the-counter pills, capsules, and patches, but may not accept needles, inhalers, thermometers, or certain liquids.

Consider a Medication Disposal Pouch

Medication disposal pouches offer another option when a take-back location is not readily available. These pouches generally contain materials that deactivate medications when water is added. Once used according to the manufacturer’s directions, the sealed pouch can typically be placed in household trash.

Follow all instructions printed on the pouch, including limits on the types and quantities of medications it can hold. Do not use a disposal pouch for needles, syringes, inhalers, or other products unless the manufacturer specifically states that they are accepted.

When Other Disposal Options Are Unavailable

If you cannot reach a take-back location or use a disposal pouch, follow the FDA’s instructions for disposing of medicine in household trash(opens in new tab):

  1. Remove the medication from its original container.
  2. Mix it with something undesirable, such as used coffee grounds, dirt, or cat litter. Do not crush tablets or capsules.
  3. Place the mixture in a sealed bag or container.
  4. Put the sealed container in your household trash.
  5. Remove or scratch out personal information from the empty medication packaging before discarding it.

Do not flush medications down a toilet or sink unless the label specifically directs you to do so or the medication appears on the FDA flush list(opens in new tab). The flush list applies to a limited number of especially dangerous medications when a take-back option is not readily available.

What to Do After an Accidental Ingestion

If you believe a child or adult may have taken the wrong medication—or too much medication—do not wait for symptoms to appear. Immediately call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or use this online tool(opens in new tab). Help is free, confidential, and available 24 hours a day.

Do not induce vomiting or give the person food, milk, water, or another substance unless a poison specialist or healthcare professional tells you to do so. Keep the medication container nearby so you can provide the drug name, strength, and other label information.

Call 911 immediately if the person:

  • Collapses or cannot be awakened
  • Has trouble breathing
  • Experiences a seizure
  • Shows signs of a suspected opioid overdose

If opioid exposure is suspected and naloxone is available, administer it according to its instructions and call 911. Stay with the person until emergency assistance arrives.

Make Medication Safety Part of Your Routine

Set aside time several times each year to review household medications. Check expiration dates, remove drugs that are no longer needed, and confirm that everything is properly labeled and securely stored.

A few simple habits — locking medications away, keeping them in their original containers, and disposing of unused drugs promptly—can prevent medication errors, accidental poisoning, and misuse.

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End-of-Summer Health & Safety Checklist for Families

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Students boarding school bus

Summer may be winding down, but the transition into a new school year brings its own set of health and safety considerations. A little preparation now can help families start the fall with fewer last-minute surprises — and keep healthy summer habits going even after the backpacks come out.

Before the season officially changes, work through this end-of-summer checklist.

[  ] 1. Check Vaccinations and School Health Records

Back-to-school season is a good time to ensure children are up to date on required vaccinations, annual physicals, and any health documentation their school requires.

Connecticut has specific immunization requirements for students entering and attending school. Parents and guardians can review the current Connecticut school immunization requirements and access vaccination records through CT WiZ.

If your child is due for a routine checkup, needs a sports physical, or has medical forms that require a healthcare provider's signature, don't wait until the first week of school to make the appointment.

[  ] 2. Update Medications and School Health Plans

If your child has asthma, allergies, diabetes, or another condition that may require medication or assistance during the school day, review their plan before classes begin.

Check expiration dates on medications and rescue inhalers, make sure prescriptions are current, and confirm what paperwork the school nurse needs. Children with asthma, for example, should have an updated asthma action plan available to school staff.

This is also a good time to ensure the school has up-to-date emergency contacts and that teachers, coaches, and other appropriate staff are aware of any important health needs.

[  ] 3. Practice the Trip to School

Whether children take the bus, walk, bike, or ride with a parent, review the route and the rules before the first busy morning.

For bus riders, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recommends arriving at the stop at least five minutes early and waiting at least 10 feet from the curb — about five giant steps. Children should wait for the bus to stop completely and for the driver to signal before approaching. They should never walk behind a school bus.

For children who walk or bike, practice the route together. Identify safe crossings, remind them to put phones away around traffic, and make sure bike helmets still fit properly after a summer growth spurt.

Drivers need a refresher, too: slow down around schools and bus stops, and never pass a school bus with its red lights flashing and stop arm extended.

[  ] 4. Ease Back Into a School Sleep Schedule

Late nights are part of summer for many families, but abruptly switching back to early school mornings can make the first week harder than it needs to be.

Begin moving bedtime and wake-up time earlier before school starts, and aim for a consistent schedule. According to the CDC, children ages 6–12 generally need 9–12 hours of sleep each day, while teens ages 13–17 need 8–10 hours. Adequate sleep supports concentration, behavior, physical health, and overall well-being.

Reducing screens before bedtime and establishing a predictable evening routine can also make the transition easier.

[  ] 5. Don't Put Away the Sunscreen or Water Bottles Yet

The calendar may be moving toward fall, but late August and September can still bring high temperatures and strong UV exposure — especially during recess, sports practices, and other outdoor activities.

Keep water readily available, encourage children to take breaks during strenuous activity, and watch for signs of heat-related illness. Children and athletes can become dehydrated quickly during hot weather, and the CDC recommends drinking water regularly rather than waiting until thirst sets in.

Sun protection shouldn't disappear after summer vacation either. UV rays can cause skin damage even on cool, cloudy days, making shade, protective clothing, and sunscreen important year-round.

[  ] 6. Keep Up With Tick and Mosquito Prevention

Don't assume bug season ends when school begins.

Blacklegged ticks can pose a risk during spring, summer, and fall, and tick exposure can occur in backyards as well as wooded and brushy areas. Continue using appropriate repellent, checking children and pets after outdoor activities, and performing full-body tick checks.

Late summer is also an important time to reduce mosquito breeding areas around the home. Once a week, walk around the yard and empty, scrub, cover, or remove items that collect standing water, including buckets, toys, planters, birdbaths, and small pools. Use an EPA-registered insect repellent as directed when spending time outdoors.

[  ] 7. Close the Pool Safely

If swimming season is coming to an end at your home, pool safety still matters after the last swim.

Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for winterizing your pool and keep safety barriers in place throughout the process. In-ground pools should have an appropriate, properly maintained safety cover. For above-ground pools, secure or remove ladders as appropriate, and drain and store portable pools when they are no longer being used.

Take extra care with leftover pool chemicals. Keep them in their original labeled containers, protect them from moisture and excessive heat, store incompatible chemicals separately, and secure the storage area from children and pets. Never mix different pool chemicals together.

If chemicals are old, damaged, or no longer needed, don't simply pour them down a drain or throw unlabeled products in the trash. Follow the product instructions or contact your local household hazardous waste program for disposal guidance.

[  ] 8. Give the House and Yard One Last Summer Safety Check

The change of seasons is a useful reminder to take a quick walk around your home.

Put away summer tools, chemicals, and recreational equipment that children shouldn't access. Empty anything that has collected rainwater. Check outdoor play equipment for damage. Make sure medications, cleaning products, pesticides, and other household chemicals remain secured.

And while you're reorganizing for fall, make sure emergency numbers are easy to find and that older children know how to contact a parent, caregiver, or 911 when appropriate.

Start Fall Healthy and Prepared

The end of summer can be busy, but many of these tasks take only a few minutes. Checking vaccination records, reviewing the route to school, resetting sleep schedules, continuing insect and heat precautions, and safely putting away summer equipment can make the transition into fall healthier and safer for the entire family.

A successful school year starts before the first bell rings. Use these final weeks of summer to take care of the small health and safety details now — and head into the new season ready.

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Hurricane Season: What to Do if a Major Storm Impacts Connecticut

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Water coming over road during hurricane

Hurricane season is here, and while Connecticut is not as frequently affected by hurricanes as many southern coastal areas, it is not immune to the potential impacts of these powerful storms. For your safety and the well-being of your loved ones during hurricane season, it’s important to be prepared. Here are some valuable tips for staying safe and being prepared in the event of a hurricane impacting Southeastern Connecticut.

Remain Informed About Developments

The first step in hurricane preparedness is staying informed. Keep a close watch on weather forecasts and pay attention to any hurricane watches or warnings issued by the National Weather Service (NWS). Sign up for emergency alerts and notifications through platforms like FEMA’s Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) and the Emergency Alert System (EAS) to receive timely updates.

Create a Hurricane Emergency Kit

First, a well-prepared emergency kit is essential for any disaster situation. Assemble your kit well in advance of hurricane season and include items like:

  • Non-perishable food and a manual can opener
  • Bottled water (at least one gallon per person per day)
  • First-aid supplies and prescription medications
  • Flashlights with extra batteries
  • A battery-powered or hand-cranked radio
  • Personal hygiene items and sanitation supplies
  • Important documents (passport, insurance papers, identification)
  • Cash in small denominations
  • Pet supplies if you have pets

Develop an Evacuation Plan

In the event of a hurricane, you may need to evacuate your home. Plan your evacuation route in advance and communicate it with your family members. Identify local shelters or hotels that accept pets if you have them. Consider the needs of elderly family members or individuals with disabilities when planning your evacuation.

Secure Your Home

Prepare your home for a hurricane by taking the following steps:

  • Reinforce windows with hurricane shutters or plywood.
  • Trim trees and bushes to reduce the risk of debris during high winds.
  • Ensure your roof is in good condition and make any necessary repairs.
  • Elevate valuable items and electronics in your home to protect them from flooding.
  • Secure outdoor furniture and loose objects that could become projectiles in high winds.

Stock Up on Supplies

Stock up on essential supplies well in advance of a hurricane. Grocery stores and gas stations may run out of supplies in the days leading up to a storm. Ensure you have enough food, water, and other necessities to last at least three days.

Health Considerations

Hurricanes can have a significant impact on your health. Here are some health-related tips:

  • Keep a supply of necessary medications on hand.
  • Stay hydrated to prevent heat-related illnesses during power outages.
  • Avoid floodwaters, as they may be contaminated and pose health risks.
  • Protect yourself from mosquito-borne diseases by using repellent and wearing long-sleeved clothing.

Stay Connected

Maintain communication with friends and family during a hurricane. Share your whereabouts and safety status regularly. Consider investing in a backup power source for your phone, such as a portable charger or a car charger, as power outages can disrupt communication.

Sign up for Text Alerts from Uncas Health District

 

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CT Reports West Nile Virus Positive Mosquitoes in 22 Towns

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mosquito

The State Mosquito Management Program is warning Connecticut residents about the increasing risk of West Nile virus (WNV) infection this season.  So far, the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) has detected WNV-infected mosquitoes in 22 towns: Branford, Bridgeport, Cheshire, Danbury, Darien, East Haven, Fairfield, Greenwich, Manchester, Meriden, Milford, Montville, New Britain, New Haven, North Branford, North Haven, Norwalk, South Windsor, Stamford, Stratford, West Haven, and Westport.

There are no reported human cases of WNV so far this season.

“West Nile virus is spreading to additional towns across Connecticut, with the highest levels of virus activity in mosquitoes from Fairfield and New Haven counties,” said John Shepard, Medical Entomologist at CAES. “We expect mosquito infections to continue to increase, raising the risk of human infection from now through the end of September.”

“Now is the time to take precautions against mosquito bites,” said Dr. Philip Armstrong, Chief Scientist at CAES. "We encourage everyone to protect themselves by using insect repellent and covering exposed skin, especially during dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active."

To reduce the risk of being bitten by mosquitoes, residents should:

  • Minimize time spent outdoors between dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.
  • When it is necessary to be outdoors, use mosquito repellents containing an EPA-registered active ingredient, including DEET, Picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-menthane-diol (PMD), or 2-undecanone. EPA registration of skin-applied repellent products indicates that they have been evaluated and approved for human safety and effectiveness when applied according to the label instructions.
  • Wear shoes, socks, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt when outdoors for long periods of time, or when mosquitoes are more active. Clothing should be light-colored, loose-fitting, and made of tightly woven materials that keep mosquitoes away from the skin.
  • Wear clothing and gear treated with permethrin. Permethrin is an insecticide that kills or repels mosquitoes and ticks.
  • Be sure door and window screens are tight-fitting and in good repair.
  • When sleeping outdoors, use tents or mosquito netting in an unscreened structure. Treat camping gear with permethrin when possible.
  • Cover strollers and baby carriers with mosquito nets when outside.

Last year, WNV was detected in 230 mosquito samples from 37 towns in 6 counties in Connecticut. The majority of WNV activity occurred in urban and suburban regions in Fairfield, Hartford, and New Haven counties. The virus is detected in the Northeast every summer and is the leading cause of mosquito-borne illness in the region.

In 2025, six Connecticut residents were hospitalized with WNV disease; one death was reported among these. Most human infections are acquired from mosquito bites occurring during July through September. The majority of people infected with WNV do not develop symptoms. Approximately 80% of infected individuals remain asymptomatic, while about 20% develop a mild illness characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, body aches, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Fewer than 1% of infected individuals develop severe neuroinvasive disease, which can affect the brain, spinal cord, or surrounding tissues and may result in hospitalization, long-term neurological complications, or death.

Connecticut Mosquito Management Program

The response to mosquito-transmitted diseases in Connecticut is a collaborative inter-agency effort involving the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), the Department of Public Health (DPH), the Department of Agriculture, and the Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (CVMDL) at the University of Connecticut (UCONN). These agencies are responsible for monitoring mosquito populations and the potential public health threat of mosquito-borne diseases.

The CAES maintains a network of 108 mosquito-trapping stations in 88 municipalities throughout the state. Mosquito traps are set Monday – Thursday nights at each site every ten days on a rotating basis, and then at least once a week after detection of the virus. Mosquitoes are grouped (pooled) for testing according to species, collection site, and date. Positive findings are reported to local health departments and on the CAES website at portal.ct.gov/CAES/Mosquito-Testing/Introductory/State-of-Connecticut-Mosquito-Trapping-and-Arbovirus-Testing-Program.

For information on WNV and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, what can be done to prevent getting bitten by mosquitoes, the latest mosquito test results, and human infections, visit the Connecticut Mosquito Management Program website at portal.ct.gov/mosquito.

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Keeping Young Athletes Safe from Heat & Concussions

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Kids soccer penalty kick

As students return to school, fall sports are also getting underway. Soccer, football, cross-country, field hockey, cheerleading, and other activities bring important opportunities for exercise, teamwork, and connection — but the first weeks of the season can also present health and safety risks.

Late-summer practices often take place during hot, humid weather, sometimes before athletes have fully adjusted to strenuous activity. Contact sports and other activities can also carry a risk of concussion. Parents, athletes, and coaches can help make the return to sports safer by knowing what to watch for and taking symptoms seriously.

Heat Safety During Late-Summer Sports

Even as the school year begins, August and September can bring periods of high heat and humidity in Connecticut. Athletes are especially vulnerable because strenuous exercise increases the body's heat production.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people exercising on hot days are more likely to become dehydrated and develop heat-related illness. Connecticut's Department of Public Health (DPH) also identifies athletes and children among groups that can be particularly vulnerable during extreme heat.

Young athletes should:

  • Drink water regularly. Don't wait until you're thirsty. Athletes should have access to fluids before, during, and after practices and games.
  • Ease back into strenuous activity. Conditioning and exposure to hot weather should increase gradually, particularly during preseason practices.
  • Take regular breaks. Coaches should provide opportunities to rest, hydrate, and cool down in shaded or air-conditioned areas.
  • Pay attention to the weather. Practices may need to be shortened, moved to a cooler time of day, or modified when heat and humidity are high.
  • Speak up when something feels wrong. Weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, or muscle cramps shouldn't be dismissed as simply being tired.

The CDC recommends scheduling practices earlier or later in the day when possible, gradually increasing the pace of activity, drinking more water than usual and monitoring teammates for signs of heat illness.

Know the Signs of Heat Illness

Heat exhaustion can cause heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, muscle cramps, and other symptoms. An athlete experiencing symptoms should stop activity and move to a cooler location.

Heat stroke is a medical emergency. A very high body temperature accompanied by confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, or other serious neurological symptoms requires immediate emergency medical attention.

If an athlete becomes faint or weak during activity in the heat, the CDC advises stopping activity and getting to a cool place.

Parents and coaches can find additional Connecticut-specific information through the CT DPH Extreme Heat resources.

Concussions: Recognize the Signs and Take Them Seriously

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that can result from a bump, blow, or jolt to the head — or a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly.

A young athlete does not have to lose consciousness to have a concussion. Symptoms can also be subtle or may not become noticeable until hours or even days after an injury.

According to the CDC's HEADS UP concussion program, signs and symptoms may include:

  • Headache or a feeling of pressure in the head
  • Dizziness or balance problems
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Blurry or double vision
  • Sensitivity to light or noise
  • Feeling sluggish, foggy, or groggy
  • Difficulty concentrating or remembering
  • Confusion
  • Changes in mood, behavior, or personality
  • Appearing dazed or stunned
  • Moving clumsily or answering questions slowly

Athletes should be encouraged to report symptoms immediately — even if that means leaving a practice or game. Teammates should also speak up if they notice concerning behavior following a collision, fall, or hit.

When in Doubt, Sit Them Out

A suspected concussion should never be something an athlete tries to "play through."

The CDC recommends immediately removing an athlete from play when a concussion is suspected. The athlete should not return to sports on the same day and should be evaluated by an appropriate healthcare provider.

Connecticut's Concussion Education Plan and Guidelines for Connecticut Schools similarly require student-athletes with a suspected concussion to be removed from athletic activity and establish requirements for medical clearance and a gradual return to play.

Returning too soon increases the risk of another injury while the brain is still recovering. A healthcare provider should guide the athlete's return to school, physical activity and sports.

Know the Emergency Warning Signs

Following a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body, call 911 or seek emergency medical care immediately if a child or teen develops serious warning signs such as:

  • A headache that gets worse and does not go away
  • Repeated vomiting
  • Seizures or convulsions
  • Slurred speech
  • Weakness, numbness, or decreased coordination
  • Increasing confusion, agitation, or unusual behavior
  • One pupil is larger than the other
  • Significant drowsiness or inability to wake up
  • Loss of consciousness

These symptoms can indicate a more serious brain injury and require immediate medical attention.

Safety Is a Team Effort

Youth sports offer significant physical, social, and emotional benefits, and preventing injuries doesn't mean keeping children on the sidelines. It means creating an environment where athletes know that their health comes before the score.

Parents can reinforce hydration and symptom reporting at home. Coaches can build water and rest breaks into practices and respond appropriately when an athlete isn't feeling well. Athletes can look out for their teammates and understand that reporting dizziness, headache, confusion, or other symptoms is the responsible thing to do.

As fall sports return across Eastern Connecticut, a few simple priorities can make a meaningful difference: hydrate often, adjust activity for the heat, recognize concussion symptoms and never encourage a young athlete to play through a potentially serious injury.

For additional information, visit the CDC's Heat and Athletes resource, CDC HEADS UP, or the Connecticut Department of Public Health.

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Immunization Awareness Month: Staying Up to Date at Every Age

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August is National Immunization Awareness Month, an opportunity to check in on one of the most important tools available for preventing infectious disease: vaccination.

Immunizations are not just a childhood health measure. Vaccines need to change throughout life based on age, health history, occupation, travel, pregnancy, and other factors. Staying current with recommended vaccines can help protect you from serious illness while also reducing the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases within families, workplaces, schools and the broader community.

The Connecticut Department of Public Health (CT DPH) provides immunization information and resources for Connecticut residents of all ages.

Infants and Young Children: Building Protection Early

The first years of life are an important time for immunization because young children can be particularly vulnerable to complications from infectious diseases.

Childhood vaccines provide protection against diseases including measles, mumps, rubella, polio, pertussis (whooping cough), hepatitis A and B, chickenpox, and others.

Parents and caregivers should work with their child's healthcare provider to make sure vaccines are administered at the recommended ages. CT DPH provides vaccine information for parents and caregivers, including links to current childhood and adolescent immunization schedules.

Connecticut also operates the Connecticut Vaccine Program (CVP), which supplies vaccines to participating healthcare providers for children under age 19.

School-Age Children and Teens: Keeping Protection on Schedule

As children enter school and move into adolescence, additional vaccines and booster doses become important.

Depending on age and vaccination history, these can include vaccines protecting against:

  • Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap)
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)
  • Meningococcal disease
  • Seasonal influenza
  • Other diseases based on individual circumstances

The HPV vaccine is particularly important during adolescence because it can prevent infections that can cause several types of cancer later in life.

Families should review immunization records during annual physicals and before the start of a new school year. Connecticut families can also use the state's CT WiZ Public Portal to access immunization records for themselves or their minor children.

Young Adults: Don't Let Vaccines Fall Off the Checklist

Graduating from high school or moving away from home can mean taking greater responsibility for your own healthcare—including vaccinations.

College students, especially those living in dormitories or other shared housing, should make sure they meet applicable vaccination requirements and discuss recommended vaccines with a healthcare provider. Young adults should also determine whether they have completed the recommended vaccine series, including HPV vaccination.

This is also a good time to start maintaining your own vaccination record. You may need it for college, employment, healthcare work, or international travel.

Adults: Vaccination Is Preventive Care

Vaccines remain an important part of preventive healthcare throughout adulthood. As CT DPH notes on its Adult Immunizations page, protection from some childhood vaccines can decrease over time, and adults can become vulnerable to different diseases as they age.

Depending on your age, health history, and other risk factors, your healthcare provider may recommend vaccines for diseases such as influenza, tetanus and pertussis, hepatitis A or B, shingles, pneumococcal disease, and others.

Rather than assuming you're up to date, make vaccination history part of your routine conversations with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Older Adults: Protection Becomes Especially Important

Our immune systems change as we age, and some infections are more likely to cause serious complications in older adults.

Vaccines recommended based on age and individual risk can provide protection against illnesses such as shingles, pneumococcal disease, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Because recommendations can depend on your age, previous vaccinations, and medical conditions, talk with a healthcare provider about which vaccines are appropriate for you. CT DPH maintains vaccine information by population and vaccine type to help residents learn more.

Pregnancy and Other Health Considerations

Vaccination recommendations can also change during pregnancy or because of certain medical conditions, medications, occupations, or travel plans.

Some vaccines are specifically recommended during pregnancy to help protect both the pregnant person and the baby, while others should not be given during pregnancy. People with certain chronic illnesses or weakened immune systems may also have different vaccination needs.

For these situations, consult your healthcare provider rather than relying solely on age-based recommendations.

Not Sure What You've Already Received?

It's common for adults to lose track of vaccination records over the years.

If you received vaccinations in Connecticut, the CT WiZ Public Portal can help you access your immunization record or your minor child's record. Keep in mind that older vaccinations or vaccines administered outside Connecticut may not appear in the system, so records from previous healthcare providers can also be helpful.

Make Immunizations Part of Your Preventive Health Routine

National Immunization Awareness Month is a good reminder to take a few simple steps:

  1. Check your vaccination record.
  2. Review the vaccines recommended for your age and circumstances.
  3. Ask your healthcare provider about missing vaccines or booster doses.
  4. Keep your vaccination records in a safe, accessible place.
  5. Encourage family members to review their records, too.

Vaccination recommendations can change as new evidence becomes available. For current guidance from the Connecticut Department of Public Health, visit the Immunization Program.

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The Back-to-School Vaccine Checklist: Preschool Through Grade 12

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Mother Saying Goodbye To Children As They Leave For School

As families prepare for a new school year, immunization records should be part of the back-to-school checklist. Connecticut requires students enrolled in preschool through Grade 12 to have certain vaccinations based on their age and grade level. These requirements help protect individual students while reducing the spread of vaccine-preventable illnesses in schools and throughout the community.

The Connecticut Department of Public Health (CT DPH) states that Connecticut’s childhood immunization schedule and school requirements remain in effect and continue to follow the state’s established standard of care.

Parents and caregivers are encouraged to review their child’s immunization record before the school year begins and contact their healthcare provider if any required doses are missing or overdue.

Why Vaccination Matters

Schools bring hundreds of children and adults into close contact every day, creating opportunities for infectious diseases to spread. Routine vaccination helps prevent outbreaks and can reduce illnesses and school absences among students and staff.

Vaccines are recommended throughout childhood to protect against potentially serious diseases. Connecticut families can also access childhood vaccines through providers participating in the Connecticut Vaccine Program (CVP). CT DPH notes that healthcare providers in Connecticut who vaccinate children under age 19 participate in the program.

Connecticut School Immunization Requirements

The following is a simplified reference based on the Connecticut Department of Public Health's Immunization Requirements for Enrolled Students in Connecticut Schools, revised January 22, 2026. Families should use this as a general guide and consult their child's healthcare provider and school for individual requirements.

Preschool

Vaccine Requirement
Hepatitis B 3 doses; last dose must be on or after 24 weeks of age
DTaP 4 doses by 18 months for programs beginning at 18 months
Polio 3 doses by 18 months for programs beginning at 18 months
MMR 1 dose on or after the first birthday
Varicella (chickenpox) 1 dose on or after the first birthday
Hepatitis A 2 doses separated by 6 calendar months; first dose on or after the first birthday
Hib At least 1 dose on or after the first birthday*
Pneumococcal At least 1 dose on or after the first birthday*
Influenza 1 dose annually between August 1 and December 31; children receiving flu vaccine for the first time may require 2 doses at least 28 days apart*

*Hib, pneumococcal, and the preschool influenza requirement are not required for students age 5 and older.

Kindergarten

Vaccine Requirement
Hepatitis B 3 doses; last dose on or after 24 weeks of age
DTaP 4 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday
Polio 3 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday
MMR 2 doses separated by at least 28 days; first dose on or after the first birthday
Varicella 2 doses; first dose on or after the first birthday, or verification of disease
Hepatitis A 2 doses separated by 6 calendar months; first dose on or after the first birthday
Hib At least 1 dose on or after the first birthday*
Pneumococcal At least 1 dose on or after the first birthday*

*Not required for students age 5 and older. Verification of previous varicella disease must be confirmed in writing by an MD, PA or APRN.

Grades 1–6

Vaccine Requirement
Hepatitis B 3 doses; last dose on or after 24 weeks of age
DTaP/Td 4 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday. Students beginning the series at age 7 or older need 3 doses
Polio 3 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday
MMR 2 doses separated by at least 28 days; first dose on or after the first birthday
Varicella 2 doses; first dose on or after the first birthday, or verification of disease
Hepatitis A 2 doses separated by 6 calendar months; first dose on or after the first birthday

Grades 7–12

Vaccine Requirement
Hepatitis B 3 doses; last dose on or after 24 weeks of age
Tdap/Td 1 dose for students who completed the primary DTaP series. Students beginning the series at age 7 or older need 3 tetanus-diphtheria-containing doses, including one Tdap
Polio 3 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday
MMR 2 doses separated by at least 28 days; first dose on or after the first birthday
Varicella 2 doses; first dose on or after the first birthday, or verification of disease
Hepatitis A 2 doses separated by 6 calendar months; applies to students born January 1, 2007 or later
Meningococcal 1 dose of conjugate vaccine

Required Vaccines vs. Recommended Vaccines

School requirements establish the vaccinations students need for enrollment, but they should not necessarily be treated as a complete vaccination schedule.

Families should talk with their child's healthcare provider about all vaccines recommended for their child's age, even when a vaccine is not specifically required for school attendance. CT DPH provides additional vaccine information and age-based resources for parents and caregivers.

For example, the vaccination schedule recommended by medical organizations may include additional vaccines or booster doses based on a child's age, health history and other risk factors.

Check Immunization Records Before the First Day

Don't wait until the week before school begins to discover that a vaccine or documentation is missing. Some vaccine series require multiple doses given at specific intervals, which means catching up can take time.

Parents and caregivers can:

  • Review their child's vaccination record and compare it with the current Connecticut school requirements.
  • Contact the child's pediatrician or healthcare provider to determine whether vaccinations are due.
  • Check with the child's school about required health forms and vaccination documentation.
  • Access immunization records through CT WiZ, Connecticut's Immunization Information System.
  • Start catch-up vaccinations early if a child is behind on vaccinations. Connecticut provides specific catch-up guidance for students enrolled in preschool through Grade 12.

Connecticut law requires certain vaccinations for children attending school or day care, and CT DPH maintains the state's current requirements, exemption information and catch-up guidance online.

Make Vaccines Part of Your Back-to-School Checklist

A new backpack and school supplies may get most of the attention, but checking your child's immunization record is an important part of preparing for the school year.

Families with questions about which vaccines their child needs should contact their pediatrician or healthcare provider. For questions specifically about Connecticut's school immunization requirements, contact the Connecticut Department of Public Health Immunization Program at 860-509-7929.

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Safe Pesticide Use: Protecting Children, Pets, and Your Home

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A yellow yard sign warning kids and pets of recent pesticide spraying

Pesticides can help control insects, weeds, rodents, and other unwanted pests, but they must be handled carefully. Common household products—including insect sprays, weed killers, rodent baits, and flea-and-tick treatments—can cause harm when they are used incorrectly, stored improperly, or left where children and animals can reach them.

Following the product label and taking a few basic precautions can reduce the risk of accidental exposure while helping the pesticide work as intended.

Read the Label Before Every Use

The pesticide label provides important instructions for using the product safely and effectively. Even if you have used a similar product before, read the entire label because ingredients, concentrations, application methods, and precautions may differ.

The label explains:

  • Where and how the product may be used
  • How much product to apply
  • What protective clothing or equipment may be needed
  • How long should children and pets remain away from a treated area
  • How to store and dispose of the product
  • What first-aid steps to take after an exposure

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency emphasizes that reading the label is the first step toward choosing and using pesticides safely. Applying more pesticide than recommended does not make the product more effective. It can increase health risks, damage plants or property, and allow chemicals to spread beyond the intended area.

Never mix pesticide products unless the label specifically instructs you to do so.

Keep Children Away from Pesticides

Children may be more likely to come into contact with pesticides because they frequently play on floors, lawns, and other treated surfaces and often place their hands or objects in their mouths.

Before applying a pesticide indoors or outdoors:

  • Remove children, toys, bottles, and play equipment from the area.
  • Cover or put away food, dishes, and cooking utensils.
  • Keep children away for the amount of time specified on the label.
  • Make sure treated surfaces are fully dry before allowing children to return.
  • Have children wash their hands after playing outdoors and before eating.

Pesticides should never be left unattended while open or in use. If you are interrupted, close the container and return it to a secure location. The EPA provides additional guidance on how to reduce a child’s chances of pesticide poisoning.

Rodent, ant, and slug baits should be placed only in locations permitted by the label and where children cannot access them. When possible, use secured or tamper-resistant bait stations.

Protect Pets During and After Application

Pets can be exposed to pesticides by walking across treated surfaces, licking their paws, eating bait, drinking contaminated water or coming into contact with pesticide containers.

Remove pets, food bowls, water bowls, bedding, and toys before treating an area. Keep animals away until the pesticide has dried or for the full amount of time stated on the label. The National Pesticide Information Center offers additional advice for protecting pets when using pesticides in and around the home.

Pet owners should also use flea-and-tick products carefully. A product labeled for one type of animal may be dangerous to another. Never use a product intended for dogs on a cat unless the label specifically states that it is safe. Choose a product intended for the animal’s species, age, and weight, and apply only the recommended amount. Review the EPA’s guidance on safely controlling fleas and ticks on pets, and consult a veterinarian with questions.

Store Pesticides Securely

Safe storage is one of the most effective ways to prevent accidental poisoning. Store pesticides:

  • In their original, labeled containers
  • Tightly closed after every use
  • In a locked cabinet, shed, or storage area
  • Out of the sight and reach of children and pets
  • Away from food, drinks, animal feed, and medications
  • Away from heat, flames, moisture and freezing temperatures

Never transfer a pesticide into a cup, water bottle, food container, or unmarked spray bottle. Someone could mistake it for something safe to eat or drink, and the product’s instructions, ingredients, and first-aid information would no longer be available.

Purchase only the amount you expect to use so that unnecessary chemicals do not accumulate in your home. More information is available through the EPA’s guide to storing pesticides safely.

Use Prevention as the First Line of Defense

Not every pest problem requires a chemical treatment. Integrated pest management focuses first on removing the food, water and shelter that attract pests.

Preventive measures include:

  • Sealing cracks and openings
  • Repairing damaged window and door screens
  • Fixing plumbing leaks
  • Storing food in sealed containers
  • Cleaning up crumbs and spills
  • Removing standing water
  • Keeping trash containers securely covered
  • Maintaining lawns and vegetation around the home

When pesticide use is still necessary, select a product specifically labeled for the pest and location involved. The EPA’s integrated pest management principles explain how prevention and targeted treatment can reduce unnecessary pesticide use.

Dispose of Pesticides Properly

Never pour leftover pesticides down a sink, into a toilet, into a storm drain, or onto the ground. Follow all disposal instructions on the product label.

Connecticut residents may be able to bring unwanted household pesticides to a local household hazardous waste collection. The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection provides information about household hazardous waste programs and collection options.

Additional instructions are available in the EPA’s guide to the safe disposal of pesticides.

Know What to Do After an Exposure

If a pesticide is swallowed, inhaled, spilled on the skin or splashed into the eyes, check the product label immediately for first-aid instructions. Do not induce vomiting unless the label or a medical professional instructs you to do so.

Contact Poison Control online or by calling 1-800-222-1222 for free, confidential guidance. Call 911 immediately if the person is unconscious, having a seizure or experiencing difficulty breathing.

Keep the pesticide container or label nearby so you can provide the product name, ingredients, and EPA registration number. For a possible pet exposure, contact a veterinarian or emergency veterinary clinic promptly.

Pesticides should always be treated as potentially hazardous household products. Reading the label, storing products securely, and keeping children and pets away from treated areas can help prevent avoidable exposures.

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World Hepatitis Day 2026: Prevention, Testing and Treatment Save Lives

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Hands cupping a pink paper liver cutout with a yellow division on a pale blue background, symbolizing liver health awareness.

Each year on July 28, World Hepatitis Day raises awareness of viral hepatitis, and the steps individuals, healthcare providers, and communities can take to prevent infection and improve access to care.

The 2026 theme, “Hepatitis: Let’s Break It Down,” highlights the barriers—including limited awareness, stigma, and difficulty accessing services—that can prevent people from receiving testing and treatment. Viral hepatitis can lead to serious liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, but many infections can be prevented, managed, or cured.

Understanding Viral Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. It can have several causes, but viral hepatitis is caused by viruses identified as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. In the United States, public-health efforts commonly focus on hepatitis A, B, and C.

These viruses do not all spread in the same way:

  • Hepatitis A generally spreads through close personal contact or contaminated food and beverages.
  • Hepatitis B spreads through infected blood and certain bodily fluids. It can also pass from a pregnant person to their baby during birth.
  • Hepatitis C is primarily spread through contact with infected blood.

Some people develop symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, or yellowing of the skin and eyes. Others experience no noticeable symptoms, especially during the early stages of hepatitis B or C. Testing may be the only way to know whether an infection is present.

The CDC’s ABCs of Viral Hepatitis provides additional information about the differences among hepatitis A, B, and C.

Prevention Starts With Vaccination and Safer Practices

Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B. There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C.

The CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccination for all infants, unvaccinated children and adolescents, adults ages 19 through 59, and adults 60 and older who have risk factors or want protection. People should speak with a healthcare provider to determine whether they have completed the recommended hepatitis A and B vaccine series.

Additional preventive steps include:

  • Washing hands thoroughly after using the bathroom or changing diapers and before preparing or eating food
  • Never sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment
  • Making sure the equipment used for tattoos and piercings is sterile
  • Avoiding the sharing of razors, toothbrushes, or other items that may contain small amounts of blood
  • Using barriers such as condoms to reduce exposure to blood and bodily fluids
  • Following standard safety precautions when handling blood
  • Receiving appropriate prenatal testing and medical care during every pregnancy

Learn more through the CDC’s guidance on hepatitis A prevention and hepatitis B prevention.

Testing Is Important — even Without Symptoms

Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C can remain unnoticed for years while gradually damaging the liver. Early diagnosis allows people to receive medical care, protect their liver health and reduce the chance of passing an infection to someone else.

The CDC recommends hepatitis C screening at least once for all adults ages 18 and older and during every pregnancy. People with ongoing risk factors may need periodic testing.

The CDC also recommends that all adults ages 18 and older receive hepatitis B screening at least once in their lifetime. Testing is also recommended during each pregnancy and may be needed periodically for people with a continued risk of exposure.

People should speak with a healthcare provider about testing if they:

  • Have ever injected drugs, even once or many years ago
  • Have shared needles or other drug-use equipment
  • Have HIV or another condition that affects the immune system
  • Have received dialysis
  • Have abnormal liver test results or liver disease
  • May have been exposed to another person’s blood
  • Were born in or have lived in an area where hepatitis B is common
  • Are pregnant or planning a pregnancy
  • Are unsure whether they have previously been tested

The Connecticut Department of Public Health Viral Hepatitis Program provides information about hepatitis, Connecticut resources, and testing services. The CDC also offers an online tool to find hepatitis testing and vaccination services.

Effective Treatment Is Available

Treatment depends on the type of hepatitis.

There is no specific antiviral treatment for most cases of hepatitis A, but people typically recover with appropriate medical monitoring, rest, fluids, and nutrition.

Hepatitis B can be either a short-term or chronic infection. Although chronic hepatitis B is not usually cured, antiviral medications and ongoing medical care can suppress the virus, reduce liver damage, and lower the risk of serious complications.

Hepatitis C can now be cured in most people. According to the CDC’s hepatitis C treatment guidance, oral direct-acting antiviral medications cure more than 95% of cases, often within eight to 12 weeks.

Anyone who receives a positive hepatitis test should speak with a qualified healthcare provider about confirmatory testing, treatment, and ongoing liver care. People should not delay seeking care because they feel well; treatment is often most effective before serious liver damage develops.

Take Action This World Hepatitis Day

World Hepatitis Day is an opportunity to replace uncertainty and stigma with accurate information and action. Check your vaccination history, talk with a healthcare provider about hepatitis B and C screening, and encourage friends and family members to do the same.

Prevention, testing, and timely treatment protect individual health while helping reduce the spread of viral hepatitis throughout the community.

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Prevent Mosquito Bites: Remove Standing Water and Use Repellent

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Man applying insect repellent on his arm

Warm weather brings more opportunities to spend time outdoors—and more exposure to mosquitoes. While most mosquito bites cause only temporary itching and irritation, mosquitoes can also spread illnesses. In Connecticut, mosquito-borne diseases of concern include West Nile virus and eastern equine encephalitis.

The best protection is prevention. According to the Connecticut Department of Public Health, reducing mosquito breeding areas and protecting yourself from bites can lower your risk.

Eliminate Standing Water Around Your Home

Mosquitoes lay their eggs near water. Even a small amount of standing water can become a breeding site, so one of the most effective ways to reduce mosquitoes around your home is to regularly empty, clean, cover, or remove items that collect water.

At least once a week, check your property for water collecting in:

  • Buckets, watering cans, and wheelbarrows
  • Flowerpot saucers and planters
  • Children’s toys and wading pools
  • Birdbaths and pet water bowls
  • Tarps, pool covers, and outdoor furniture
  • Clogged gutters and drains
  • Trash cans and recycling bins
  • Tires and other containers that are stored outdoors

Empty and scrub containers before refilling them because mosquito eggs can remain attached to their sides. Keep swimming pools properly maintained and circulating, and tightly cover rain barrels and other water-storage containers.

Visit the CDC’s mosquito control guidance for additional steps you can take inside and outside your home.

Use an Effective Insect Repellent

When spending time outdoors, use an insect repellent registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-registered repellents have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness when used according to the product label.

Effective active ingredients may include:

  • DEET
  • Picaridin
  • IR3535
  • Oil of lemon eucalyptus
  • Para-menthane-diol
  • 2-undecanone

The EPA’s online repellent search tool can help you choose a product based on the insects you need protection from and the amount of time you plan to spend outdoors.

Always read and follow the product label. Apply repellent only to exposed skin or clothing, as directed. Do not spray repellent directly onto your face. Spray it onto your hands first, then carefully apply it while avoiding your eyes and mouth.

Adults should apply repellent to children and avoid applying it to their hands, eyes, mouth, or irritated skin. Products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol should not be used on children younger than 3 years old.

More information about choosing and safely applying repellent is available from the CDC’s mosquito-bite prevention resources.

Create Additional Barriers Against Bites

Mosquitoes can bite during both the day and night. When mosquito activity is high:

  • Wear loose-fitting long sleeves, long pants, and socks when practical.
  • Repair holes in window and door screens.
  • Keep doors closed or use air conditioning when available.
  • Use mosquito netting to protect infants or when sleeping outdoors.
  • Follow local mosquito activity and public-health advisories.

Information about mosquito-borne illnesses and prevention in Connecticut is available through the Connecticut Department of Public Health. Residents can also learn more about West Nile virus in Connecticut.

A quick weekly inspection of your property, combined with proper use of insect repellent, can help reduce mosquito activity and make outdoor activities safer and more comfortable throughout the season.

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