Uncas Health District

The Back-to-School Vaccine Checklist: Preschool Through Grade 12

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Mother Saying Goodbye To Children As They Leave For School

As families prepare for a new school year, immunization records should be part of the back-to-school checklist. Connecticut requires students enrolled in preschool through Grade 12 to have certain vaccinations based on their age and grade level. These requirements help protect individual students while reducing the spread of vaccine-preventable illnesses in schools and throughout the community.

The Connecticut Department of Public Health (CT DPH) states that Connecticut’s childhood immunization schedule and school requirements remain in effect and continue to follow the state’s established standard of care.

Parents and caregivers are encouraged to review their child’s immunization record before the school year begins and contact their healthcare provider if any required doses are missing or overdue.

Why Vaccination Matters

Schools bring hundreds of children and adults into close contact every day, creating opportunities for infectious diseases to spread. Routine vaccination helps prevent outbreaks and can reduce illnesses and school absences among students and staff.

Vaccines are recommended throughout childhood to protect against potentially serious diseases. Connecticut families can also access childhood vaccines through providers participating in the Connecticut Vaccine Program (CVP). CT DPH notes that healthcare providers in Connecticut who vaccinate children under age 19 participate in the program.

Connecticut School Immunization Requirements

The following is a simplified reference based on the Connecticut Department of Public Health's Immunization Requirements for Enrolled Students in Connecticut Schools, revised January 22, 2026. Families should use this as a general guide and consult their child's healthcare provider and school for individual requirements.

Preschool

Vaccine Requirement
Hepatitis B 3 doses; last dose must be on or after 24 weeks of age
DTaP 4 doses by 18 months for programs beginning at 18 months
Polio 3 doses by 18 months for programs beginning at 18 months
MMR 1 dose on or after the first birthday
Varicella (chickenpox) 1 dose on or after the first birthday
Hepatitis A 2 doses separated by 6 calendar months; first dose on or after the first birthday
Hib At least 1 dose on or after the first birthday*
Pneumococcal At least 1 dose on or after the first birthday*
Influenza 1 dose annually between August 1 and December 31; children receiving flu vaccine for the first time may require 2 doses at least 28 days apart*

*Hib, pneumococcal, and the preschool influenza requirement are not required for students age 5 and older.

Kindergarten

Vaccine Requirement
Hepatitis B 3 doses; last dose on or after 24 weeks of age
DTaP 4 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday
Polio 3 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday
MMR 2 doses separated by at least 28 days; first dose on or after the first birthday
Varicella 2 doses; first dose on or after the first birthday, or verification of disease
Hepatitis A 2 doses separated by 6 calendar months; first dose on or after the first birthday
Hib At least 1 dose on or after the first birthday*
Pneumococcal At least 1 dose on or after the first birthday*

*Not required for students age 5 and older. Verification of previous varicella disease must be confirmed in writing by an MD, PA or APRN.

Grades 1–6

Vaccine Requirement
Hepatitis B 3 doses; last dose on or after 24 weeks of age
DTaP/Td 4 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday. Students beginning the series at age 7 or older need 3 doses
Polio 3 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday
MMR 2 doses separated by at least 28 days; first dose on or after the first birthday
Varicella 2 doses; first dose on or after the first birthday, or verification of disease
Hepatitis A 2 doses separated by 6 calendar months; first dose on or after the first birthday

Grades 7–12

Vaccine Requirement
Hepatitis B 3 doses; last dose on or after 24 weeks of age
Tdap/Td 1 dose for students who completed the primary DTaP series. Students beginning the series at age 7 or older need 3 tetanus-diphtheria-containing doses, including one Tdap
Polio 3 doses; last dose on or after the fourth birthday
MMR 2 doses separated by at least 28 days; first dose on or after the first birthday
Varicella 2 doses; first dose on or after the first birthday, or verification of disease
Hepatitis A 2 doses separated by 6 calendar months; applies to students born January 1, 2007 or later
Meningococcal 1 dose of conjugate vaccine

Required Vaccines vs. Recommended Vaccines

School requirements establish the vaccinations students need for enrollment, but they should not necessarily be treated as a complete vaccination schedule.

Families should talk with their child's healthcare provider about all vaccines recommended for their child's age, even when a vaccine is not specifically required for school attendance. CT DPH provides additional vaccine information and age-based resources for parents and caregivers.

For example, the vaccination schedule recommended by medical organizations may include additional vaccines or booster doses based on a child's age, health history and other risk factors.

Check Immunization Records Before the First Day

Don't wait until the week before school begins to discover that a vaccine or documentation is missing. Some vaccine series require multiple doses given at specific intervals, which means catching up can take time.

Parents and caregivers can:

  • Review their child's vaccination record and compare it with the current Connecticut school requirements.
  • Contact the child's pediatrician or healthcare provider to determine whether vaccinations are due.
  • Check with the child's school about required health forms and vaccination documentation.
  • Access immunization records through CT WiZ, Connecticut's Immunization Information System.
  • Start catch-up vaccinations early if a child is behind on vaccinations. Connecticut provides specific catch-up guidance for students enrolled in preschool through Grade 12.

Connecticut law requires certain vaccinations for children attending school or day care, and CT DPH maintains the state's current requirements, exemption information and catch-up guidance online.

Make Vaccines Part of Your Back-to-School Checklist

A new backpack and school supplies may get most of the attention, but checking your child's immunization record is an important part of preparing for the school year.

Families with questions about which vaccines their child needs should contact their pediatrician or healthcare provider. For questions specifically about Connecticut's school immunization requirements, contact the Connecticut Department of Public Health Immunization Program at 860-509-7929.

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Safe Pesticide Use: Protecting Children, Pets, and Your Home

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A yellow yard sign warning kids and pets of recent pesticide spraying

Pesticides can help control insects, weeds, rodents, and other unwanted pests, but they must be handled carefully. Common household products—including insect sprays, weed killers, rodent baits, and flea-and-tick treatments—can cause harm when they are used incorrectly, stored improperly, or left where children and animals can reach them.

Following the product label and taking a few basic precautions can reduce the risk of accidental exposure while helping the pesticide work as intended.

Read the Label Before Every Use

The pesticide label provides important instructions for using the product safely and effectively. Even if you have used a similar product before, read the entire label because ingredients, concentrations, application methods, and precautions may differ.

The label explains:

  • Where and how the product may be used
  • How much product to apply
  • What protective clothing or equipment may be needed
  • How long should children and pets remain away from a treated area
  • How to store and dispose of the product
  • What first-aid steps to take after an exposure

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency emphasizes that reading the label is the first step toward choosing and using pesticides safely. Applying more pesticide than recommended does not make the product more effective. It can increase health risks, damage plants or property, and allow chemicals to spread beyond the intended area.

Never mix pesticide products unless the label specifically instructs you to do so.

Keep Children Away from Pesticides

Children may be more likely to come into contact with pesticides because they frequently play on floors, lawns, and other treated surfaces and often place their hands or objects in their mouths.

Before applying a pesticide indoors or outdoors:

  • Remove children, toys, bottles, and play equipment from the area.
  • Cover or put away food, dishes, and cooking utensils.
  • Keep children away for the amount of time specified on the label.
  • Make sure treated surfaces are fully dry before allowing children to return.
  • Have children wash their hands after playing outdoors and before eating.

Pesticides should never be left unattended while open or in use. If you are interrupted, close the container and return it to a secure location. The EPA provides additional guidance on how to reduce a child’s chances of pesticide poisoning.

Rodent, ant, and slug baits should be placed only in locations permitted by the label and where children cannot access them. When possible, use secured or tamper-resistant bait stations.

Protect Pets During and After Application

Pets can be exposed to pesticides by walking across treated surfaces, licking their paws, eating bait, drinking contaminated water or coming into contact with pesticide containers.

Remove pets, food bowls, water bowls, bedding, and toys before treating an area. Keep animals away until the pesticide has dried or for the full amount of time stated on the label. The National Pesticide Information Center offers additional advice for protecting pets when using pesticides in and around the home.

Pet owners should also use flea-and-tick products carefully. A product labeled for one type of animal may be dangerous to another. Never use a product intended for dogs on a cat unless the label specifically states that it is safe. Choose a product intended for the animal’s species, age, and weight, and apply only the recommended amount. Review the EPA’s guidance on safely controlling fleas and ticks on pets, and consult a veterinarian with questions.

Store Pesticides Securely

Safe storage is one of the most effective ways to prevent accidental poisoning. Store pesticides:

  • In their original, labeled containers
  • Tightly closed after every use
  • In a locked cabinet, shed, or storage area
  • Out of the sight and reach of children and pets
  • Away from food, drinks, animal feed, and medications
  • Away from heat, flames, moisture and freezing temperatures

Never transfer a pesticide into a cup, water bottle, food container, or unmarked spray bottle. Someone could mistake it for something safe to eat or drink, and the product’s instructions, ingredients, and first-aid information would no longer be available.

Purchase only the amount you expect to use so that unnecessary chemicals do not accumulate in your home. More information is available through the EPA’s guide to storing pesticides safely.

Use Prevention as the First Line of Defense

Not every pest problem requires a chemical treatment. Integrated pest management focuses first on removing the food, water and shelter that attract pests.

Preventive measures include:

  • Sealing cracks and openings
  • Repairing damaged window and door screens
  • Fixing plumbing leaks
  • Storing food in sealed containers
  • Cleaning up crumbs and spills
  • Removing standing water
  • Keeping trash containers securely covered
  • Maintaining lawns and vegetation around the home

When pesticide use is still necessary, select a product specifically labeled for the pest and location involved. The EPA’s integrated pest management principles explain how prevention and targeted treatment can reduce unnecessary pesticide use.

Dispose of Pesticides Properly

Never pour leftover pesticides down a sink, into a toilet, into a storm drain, or onto the ground. Follow all disposal instructions on the product label.

Connecticut residents may be able to bring unwanted household pesticides to a local household hazardous waste collection. The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection provides information about household hazardous waste programs and collection options.

Additional instructions are available in the EPA’s guide to the safe disposal of pesticides.

Know What to Do After an Exposure

If a pesticide is swallowed, inhaled, spilled on the skin or splashed into the eyes, check the product label immediately for first-aid instructions. Do not induce vomiting unless the label or a medical professional instructs you to do so.

Contact Poison Control online or by calling 1-800-222-1222 for free, confidential guidance. Call 911 immediately if the person is unconscious, having a seizure or experiencing difficulty breathing.

Keep the pesticide container or label nearby so you can provide the product name, ingredients, and EPA registration number. For a possible pet exposure, contact a veterinarian or emergency veterinary clinic promptly.

Pesticides should always be treated as potentially hazardous household products. Reading the label, storing products securely, and keeping children and pets away from treated areas can help prevent avoidable exposures.

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World Hepatitis Day 2026: Prevention, Testing and Treatment Save Lives

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Hands cupping a pink paper liver cutout with a yellow division on a pale blue background, symbolizing liver health awareness.

Each year on July 28, World Hepatitis Day raises awareness of viral hepatitis, and the steps individuals, healthcare providers, and communities can take to prevent infection and improve access to care.

The 2026 theme, “Hepatitis: Let’s Break It Down,” highlights the barriers—including limited awareness, stigma, and difficulty accessing services—that can prevent people from receiving testing and treatment. Viral hepatitis can lead to serious liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, but many infections can be prevented, managed, or cured.

Understanding Viral Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. It can have several causes, but viral hepatitis is caused by viruses identified as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. In the United States, public-health efforts commonly focus on hepatitis A, B, and C.

These viruses do not all spread in the same way:

  • Hepatitis A generally spreads through close personal contact or contaminated food and beverages.
  • Hepatitis B spreads through infected blood and certain bodily fluids. It can also pass from a pregnant person to their baby during birth.
  • Hepatitis C is primarily spread through contact with infected blood.

Some people develop symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, or yellowing of the skin and eyes. Others experience no noticeable symptoms, especially during the early stages of hepatitis B or C. Testing may be the only way to know whether an infection is present.

The CDC’s ABCs of Viral Hepatitis provides additional information about the differences among hepatitis A, B, and C.

Prevention Starts With Vaccination and Safer Practices

Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B. There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C.

The CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccination for all infants, unvaccinated children and adolescents, adults ages 19 through 59, and adults 60 and older who have risk factors or want protection. People should speak with a healthcare provider to determine whether they have completed the recommended hepatitis A and B vaccine series.

Additional preventive steps include:

  • Washing hands thoroughly after using the bathroom or changing diapers and before preparing or eating food
  • Never sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment
  • Making sure the equipment used for tattoos and piercings is sterile
  • Avoiding the sharing of razors, toothbrushes, or other items that may contain small amounts of blood
  • Using barriers such as condoms to reduce exposure to blood and bodily fluids
  • Following standard safety precautions when handling blood
  • Receiving appropriate prenatal testing and medical care during every pregnancy

Learn more through the CDC’s guidance on hepatitis A prevention and hepatitis B prevention.

Testing Is Important — even Without Symptoms

Chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C can remain unnoticed for years while gradually damaging the liver. Early diagnosis allows people to receive medical care, protect their liver health and reduce the chance of passing an infection to someone else.

The CDC recommends hepatitis C screening at least once for all adults ages 18 and older and during every pregnancy. People with ongoing risk factors may need periodic testing.

The CDC also recommends that all adults ages 18 and older receive hepatitis B screening at least once in their lifetime. Testing is also recommended during each pregnancy and may be needed periodically for people with a continued risk of exposure.

People should speak with a healthcare provider about testing if they:

  • Have ever injected drugs, even once or many years ago
  • Have shared needles or other drug-use equipment
  • Have HIV or another condition that affects the immune system
  • Have received dialysis
  • Have abnormal liver test results or liver disease
  • May have been exposed to another person’s blood
  • Were born in or have lived in an area where hepatitis B is common
  • Are pregnant or planning a pregnancy
  • Are unsure whether they have previously been tested

The Connecticut Department of Public Health Viral Hepatitis Program provides information about hepatitis, Connecticut resources, and testing services. The CDC also offers an online tool to find hepatitis testing and vaccination services.

Effective Treatment Is Available

Treatment depends on the type of hepatitis.

There is no specific antiviral treatment for most cases of hepatitis A, but people typically recover with appropriate medical monitoring, rest, fluids, and nutrition.

Hepatitis B can be either a short-term or chronic infection. Although chronic hepatitis B is not usually cured, antiviral medications and ongoing medical care can suppress the virus, reduce liver damage, and lower the risk of serious complications.

Hepatitis C can now be cured in most people. According to the CDC’s hepatitis C treatment guidance, oral direct-acting antiviral medications cure more than 95% of cases, often within eight to 12 weeks.

Anyone who receives a positive hepatitis test should speak with a qualified healthcare provider about confirmatory testing, treatment, and ongoing liver care. People should not delay seeking care because they feel well; treatment is often most effective before serious liver damage develops.

Take Action This World Hepatitis Day

World Hepatitis Day is an opportunity to replace uncertainty and stigma with accurate information and action. Check your vaccination history, talk with a healthcare provider about hepatitis B and C screening, and encourage friends and family members to do the same.

Prevention, testing, and timely treatment protect individual health while helping reduce the spread of viral hepatitis throughout the community.

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Prevent Mosquito Bites: Remove Standing Water and Use Repellent

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Man applying insect repellent on his arm

Warm weather brings more opportunities to spend time outdoors—and more exposure to mosquitoes. While most mosquito bites cause only temporary itching and irritation, mosquitoes can also spread illnesses. In Connecticut, mosquito-borne diseases of concern include West Nile virus and eastern equine encephalitis.

The best protection is prevention. According to the Connecticut Department of Public Health, reducing mosquito breeding areas and protecting yourself from bites can lower your risk.

Eliminate Standing Water Around Your Home

Mosquitoes lay their eggs near water. Even a small amount of standing water can become a breeding site, so one of the most effective ways to reduce mosquitoes around your home is to regularly empty, clean, cover, or remove items that collect water.

At least once a week, check your property for water collecting in:

  • Buckets, watering cans, and wheelbarrows
  • Flowerpot saucers and planters
  • Children’s toys and wading pools
  • Birdbaths and pet water bowls
  • Tarps, pool covers, and outdoor furniture
  • Clogged gutters and drains
  • Trash cans and recycling bins
  • Tires and other containers that are stored outdoors

Empty and scrub containers before refilling them because mosquito eggs can remain attached to their sides. Keep swimming pools properly maintained and circulating, and tightly cover rain barrels and other water-storage containers.

Visit the CDC’s mosquito control guidance for additional steps you can take inside and outside your home.

Use an Effective Insect Repellent

When spending time outdoors, use an insect repellent registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-registered repellents have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness when used according to the product label.

Effective active ingredients may include:

  • DEET
  • Picaridin
  • IR3535
  • Oil of lemon eucalyptus
  • Para-menthane-diol
  • 2-undecanone

The EPA’s online repellent search tool can help you choose a product based on the insects you need protection from and the amount of time you plan to spend outdoors.

Always read and follow the product label. Apply repellent only to exposed skin or clothing, as directed. Do not spray repellent directly onto your face. Spray it onto your hands first, then carefully apply it while avoiding your eyes and mouth.

Adults should apply repellent to children and avoid applying it to their hands, eyes, mouth, or irritated skin. Products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol should not be used on children younger than 3 years old.

More information about choosing and safely applying repellent is available from the CDC’s mosquito-bite prevention resources.

Create Additional Barriers Against Bites

Mosquitoes can bite during both the day and night. When mosquito activity is high:

  • Wear loose-fitting long sleeves, long pants, and socks when practical.
  • Repair holes in window and door screens.
  • Keep doors closed or use air conditioning when available.
  • Use mosquito netting to protect infants or when sleeping outdoors.
  • Follow local mosquito activity and public-health advisories.

Information about mosquito-borne illnesses and prevention in Connecticut is available through the Connecticut Department of Public Health. Residents can also learn more about West Nile virus in Connecticut.

A quick weekly inspection of your property, combined with proper use of insect repellent, can help reduce mosquito activity and make outdoor activities safer and more comfortable throughout the season.

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CT DPH Reports Rise in Cyclosporiasis Cases with Link to National Outbreak

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Washing vegetables for a salad

Residents urged to follow safe food-handling practices as Connecticut confirms 35 cases in 2026, nearly double the count from this time last year

The Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) has announced that 35 cases of cyclosporiasis have been confirmed in Connecticut as of July 13, 2026, nearly double the 19 cases reported at the same point last year. While no specific food source has been identified in Connecticut, DPH is actively monitoring the situation, interviewing all reported cases, and urging residents to follow safe food-handling and produce-washing practices to reduce their risk.

Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the Cyclospora parasite. People become infected by consuming food or water that contains the parasite. The most common symptom is frequent, watery diarrhea, though some individuals may experience no symptoms at all. Illness typically begins within one week of exposure but can range from two days to more than two weeks. Most healthy people will recover from cyclosporiasis without treatment, although their illness may be prolonged. Cyclosporiasis is treatable with antibiotics, rest, and adequate hydration.

Nationally, cyclosporiasis has been reported in 17 states, with the largest cluster in Southeast Michigan. The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services reported 1562 cases as of July 10, 2026. No specific produce grower, supplier, or food item has been identified as the source of that outbreak to date. Historically, U.S. outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to fresh produce, including bagged salad mixes, fresh cilantro, fresh basil, raspberries, snow peas, and green onions.

Cyclosporiasis is a reportable condition in Connecticut; healthcare providers and clinical laboratories are required by law to report cases to DPH. DPH conducts statewide surveillance and interviews all reported cases to identify any exposure patterns or common food sources. Connecticut's first cyclosporiasis case of 2026 was reported on May 2. Of the 35 confirmed cases with available information, 22 originated in the United States, and 5 were linked to international travel. Officials are still investigating where the remaining cases were exposed.

"Connecticut's surveillance system is doing exactly what it should: identifying cases, tracking exposures, and helping us stay ahead of this illness," said Commissioner Manisha Juthani, M.D. "We want to reassure residents that cyclosporiasis is treatable, and we have not identified a Connecticut-specific source. At the same time, we encourage everyone, especially those at higher risk, to take a few simple precautions with fresh produce this summer. Washing your produce thoroughly, buying whole heads of lettuce instead of pre-washed bagged varieties, and cooking herbs and leafy greens when possible are steps that go a long way."

While cyclosporiasis is not usually life-threatening, dehydration from frequent diarrhea can cause serious complications, particularly for young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplant recipients. Anyone experiencing sudden, ongoing watery diarrhea is encouraged to contact their healthcare provider promptly.

Safe Produce Practices to Reduce Your Risk

DPH recommends the following food safety steps, particularly for higher-risk individuals:

  • Wash all fresh produce under clean running water before eating, even if you plan to peel it.
  • Buy whole heads of lettuce rather than pre-washed, bagged salad mixes. Remove and discard the outer two to three layers of leaves and wash inner leaves under running water.
  • Wash cilantro, basil, and green onions thoroughly under running water, separating leaves. These items are safest when cooked.
  • Cook produce when possible. Heating food to 158°F (70°C) or higher kills Cyclospora.

General Food Safety Reminders

  • Wash your hands with soap and water before and after handling or preparing food.
  • Scrub firm fruits and vegetables, such as melons and cucumbers, with a clean produce brush.
  • Wash and sanitize cutting boards, surfaces, and utensils before and after handling food.
  • Refrigerate cut, peeled, or cooked fruits and vegetables as soon as possible.

If You Become Ill

People experiencing sudden and persistent diarrhea, particularly watery or explosive diarrhea, are encouraged to contact their healthcare provider. Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics along with rest and adequate fluids to maintain hydration.

More information is available on the CDC website at www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis.

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Sun Safety: Protect Your Skin and Know the Warning Signs of Heat Illness

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Mother applying sunscreen to child

Warm, sunny days are a welcome part of summer in Connecticut, but too much sun and heat can quickly become dangerous. Whether you are spending time at the beach, working outdoors, attending a community event, or enjoying your own backyard, taking sun safety seriously can help prevent sunburn, heat-related illness, and long-term skin damage.

Ultraviolet, or UV, rays from the sun can damage skin cells, even on cloudy or cooler days. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, most skin cancers are caused by too much exposure to UV light, and skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. UV rays are typically strongest at midday, making sun protection especially important between late morning and mid-afternoon.

Sunscreen Is Important — But It Is Not the Only Step

Sunscreen is one of the most effective tools for reducing sun damage, but it works best when used correctly and combined with other protective steps. The American Cancer Society recommends choosing a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to help protect against harmful UV rays.

Apply sunscreen generously to all exposed skin before going outside, including easy-to-miss areas such as the ears, neck, hairline, the tops of the feet, and the lips. Sunscreen should be reapplied at least every two hours, and more often after swimming, sweating, or toweling off. The American Academy of Dermatology also emphasizes that sunscreen must be applied correctly to provide effective protection.

Other smart sun-safety steps include:

  • Seek shade, especially during late morning through mid-afternoon.
  • Wear a wide-brimmed hat that shades the face, ears, and neck.
  • Choose lightweight, tightly woven clothing or clothing labeled with UV protection.
  • Wear sunglasses that block UVA and UVB rays.
  • Check the UV Index before spending extended time outdoors.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommends sun protection when the UV Index is 3 or higher. At very high UV levels, extra protection is needed, especially during late morning through mid-afternoon.

Sunburns Are More Than Temporary Discomfort

A sunburn is a sign that the skin has been damaged by UV radiation. While redness, pain, peeling, and tenderness may fade after a few days, repeated sunburns can increase the risk of long-term skin damage and skin cancer.

Sunburn can also make it harder for the body to cool itself, which can contribute to dehydration and increase the risk of heat-related illness. If you do get sunburned, get out of the sun, drink water, cool the skin with a cool bath or damp cloth, and avoid further sun exposure while the skin heals.

Seek medical care if a sunburn causes severe blistering, fever, chills, dizziness, confusion, dehydration, or signs of infection.

Know the Warning Signs of Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke

Heat-related illness happens when the body cannot cool itself properly. During extreme heat or high humidity, sweating may not be enough to keep body temperature at a safe level. The Connecticut Department of Public Health notes that heat stress can range from mild conditions, such as heat rash or cramps, to more serious conditions, including heat exhaustion.

Warning signs of heat exhaustion may include:

  • Heavy sweating
  • Headache
  • Dizziness or faintness
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Weakness or fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Thirst
  • Muscle cramps
  • Decreased urination

If heat exhaustion is suspected, move the person to a cooler place, loosen clothing, apply cool cloths, and encourage small sips of water. Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve.

Heat stroke is a medical emergency. According to the CDC, symptoms may include confusion, slurred speech, loss of consciousness, seizures, very high body temperature, and hot, dry skin or heavy sweating. Call 911 immediately if heat stroke is suspected. While waiting for emergency help, move the person to a cooler area and begin cooling them with cool cloths, cold water, or other available methods.

Some are at Higher Risk for Heat Stroke

Anyone can be affected by sun exposure and extreme heat, but some people are more vulnerable, including older adults, infants and young children, pregnant people, outdoor workers, athletes, people with chronic health conditions, and people taking certain medications.

During hot weather, check on family members, neighbors, and others who may need help staying cool. Never leave children, adults, or pets in a parked car, even for a short time.

Protect Your Skin

Sun safety is not just for beach days. UV exposure adds up over time, and protection is important any time you are outdoors. Building simple habits — applying sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, staying hydrated, and recognizing warning signs — can help prevent painful sunburns, reduce the risk of heat illness, and protect long-term skin health.

Before heading outside, take a few minutes to plan ahead. A hat, water bottle, sunscreen, sunglasses, and shaded breaks can make a meaningful difference in keeping you and your family safe all summer long.

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Pools are Cool — Let’s Use them Safely

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toddler trying to get into the pool

Pools can offer cool relief on scorching days, a place for exercise and relaxation, and summer fun. But owning — or even using —  a pool enjoyment comes with a big responsibility: safety.  According to the CDC, drowning is the leading cause of unintentional injury death for children 1-4 years old and the second leading cause of death for those 5-14. Here are some ways to enjoy a backyard pool safely and cautiously:

Fortified Pool Area

  • Fencing is Fundamental: A complete fence, at least 4 feet high, should surround your pool entirely. Look for self-closing, self-latching gates that open away from the pool. Make sure there’s nothing near the fence that can be used for climbing, like chairs or planters.

  • Door Access: House doors leading directly to the pool area should have alarms or self-closing mechanisms. Consider a secondary fence with another self-latching gate for an extra layer of security.

Safety in and Around the Water

  • Supervision: Never leave children unattended near the pool, not for a second. Designate a “water watcher” who stays focused on swimmers, especially young children.

  • Life Vests Save Lives: Children who don’t swim well should wear Coast Guard-approved life jackets whenever they’re in or around the pool.

  • Safety Gear at the Ready: Keep a life preserver, reaching pole, and first-aid kit poolside and easily accessible.

  • Poolside Rules: Establish clear rules for pool use. No running, diving in shallow areas, or roughhousing.

General Pool Safety

  • Chemicals: Store pool chemicals securely, away from the pool, and out of reach of children. Always follow manufacturer instructions for handling and storage.

  • Maintenance: A clean pool is a safe pool. Regularly skim debris, test and adjust the water’s chemical balance, and maintain proper circulation.

  • No Electronics Allowed: Keep radios, phones, and other electronics away from the pool to prevent electrical hazards.

  • Be Water Aware: Don’t swim alone, especially after consuming alcohol. Know your limits and encourage others to do the same.

Following these pool safety tips, you can turn your backyard into a fun and functional space for everyone. Remember, constant vigilance and a focus on safety are essential for a worry-free summer by the pool.

Don’t forget: Enroll your children in swim lessons! These valuable skills can make a life-or-death difference in the water.

 

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Fireworks Safety: Celebrate Independence Day Responsibly 

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kids playing with sparklers

As Independence Day approaches, many of us are looking forward to fireworks displays, cookouts, parades, and time with family and friends. Fireworks may be a holiday tradition, but they are also explosive devices that can cause serious injuries when used improperly.

The safest way to enjoy fireworks is to attend a permitted public display conducted by licensed professionals. Before celebrating, it’s important to understand the risks, follow Connecticut law, and take simple steps to protect children, pets, neighbors, and yourself.

Fireworks Can Cause Serious Injuries

Each year, thousands of people across the United States are treated in emergency departments for fireworks-related injuries. These injuries can include burns, eye injuries, hand and finger injuries, hearing damage, and trauma to the head or face.

According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, in 2025:

  • 13,004 estimated fireworks-related injuries were treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments.
  • 24 non-occupational fireworks-related fatalities were reported.
  • 9,209 injuries, or 71%, occurred during the one-month period from June 15 to July 15, 2025.
  • 35% of injuries involved the fingers and hands; another 30% involved the face, nose, mouth, eyes, and ears.
  • Thermal burns were the leading diagnosis, accounting for more than one-third of injuries.

Sparklers are often viewed as a safer option, but they burn at extremely high temperatures and can cause serious burns, especially among children. Young children should not handle sparklers or other pyrotechnic devices.

Know Connecticut’s Fireworks Laws

In Connecticut, fireworks are not legal for use by non-professional, non-licensed individuals, with limited exceptions. Firecrackers, bottle rockets, Roman candles, aerial fireworks, and similar devices are illegal for personal use.

Connecticut allows certain sparklers and fountains, but they may not be sold to or used by anyone younger than 16. Even when a device is legal, it can still be dangerous and should be handled only by responsible adults in a safe outdoor area.

If you are unsure whether an item is legal, do not use it. Buying fireworks in another state does not make them legal to possess or use in Connecticut.

The Safest Choice: Attend a Public Display

Public fireworks displays are planned and conducted by trained, licensed professionals with safety protocols in place. Attending a permitted public display reduces the risk of injury and helps keep celebrations safe for everyone.

When attending a public fireworks display:

  • Follow all instructions from event organizers, police, fire officials, and posted signs.
  • Stay within designated viewing areas.
  • Keep children close and supervised at all times.
  • Do not cross safety barriers or enter restricted areas.
  • Protect your hearing, especially for young children or anyone who is sensitive to loud noise.
  • Keep pets at home in a quiet, secure space, as fireworks can cause fear and stress.

If You Use Legal Sparklers or Fountains

If adults choose to use legal sparklers or fountains, safety precautions are essential:

  • Use them only outdoors and away from people, pets, homes, vehicles, dry grass, and flammable materials.
  • Keep a bucket of water nearby for used items.
  • Never allow young children to handle sparklers.
  • Do not hold multiple sparklers at once.
  • Never point or throw any device at another person.
  • Do not try to relight a device that does not work.
  • Place spent items in water before throwing them away.

If a burn, eye injury, fire, or other emergency occurs, call 911 right away.

Be Considerate of Neighbors, Veterans, Pets, and Wildlife

Fireworks can be especially difficult for people with sensory sensitivities, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, or certain medical conditions. They can also frighten pets, livestock, and wildlife.

A safer and more considerate celebration may include attending a professional display, using glow sticks or LED toys, hosting a daytime gathering, or choosing quieter holiday activities.

Concerned About a Fireworks Display?

If you have concerns about a fireworks display in your area, contact your local fire department, fire marshal, or law enforcement agency. They can help confirm whether a display has the required permits and safety measures in place.

Celebrate Safely

Independence Day should be memorable for the right reasons. By leaving fireworks to licensed professionals, following Connecticut law, supervising children, and being mindful of neighbors and pets, we can all help make the holiday safer for our communities.

This Fourth of July, enjoy the celebration — and leave the fireworks to the professionals.

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HIV Testing Day Highlights the Importance of Early Detection and Prevention

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Hand holding Red Ribbon for HIV Testing

National HIV Testing Day, observed annually on June 27, highlights the importance of HIV testing as a routine part of preventive health care. Early detection is critical because it connects individuals to timely treatment, improves long-term health outcomes, and helps reduce the spread of HIV within the community. Advances in HIV treatment have made it possible for people living with HIV to lead long, healthy lives while also lowering the risk of transmission when the virus is effectively managed.

HIV can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, background, or relationship status. Because HIV may not cause noticeable symptoms for years, testing is the only way to know your status. For many people, getting tested brings peace of mind. For those who test positive, early detection opens the door to effective treatment, long-term health, and measures to prevent transmission to others.

Early Detection Makes a Difference

When HIV is diagnosed early, people can begin medical care sooner. Today’s HIV treatments are highly effective at controlling the virus, protecting the immune system, and helping people live long, healthy lives. Early treatment can also reduce the amount of virus in the body, known as viral load.

This matters because the lower a person’s viral load, the lower the chance of passing HIV to someone else. When a person living with HIV takes medication as prescribed and maintains an undetectable viral load, they cannot transmit HIV through sex. This powerful advancement is often called “Undetectable = Untransmittable,” or U=U.

Early detection also gives people the information they need to make informed choices. A negative test result can be an opportunity to talk with a health care provider about prevention tools such as condoms, PrEP, or other steps that may reduce risk. A positive test result can connect someone to treatment, support services, and ongoing care.

HIV Treatment Has Come a Long Way

HIV is no longer the diagnosis it once was. While there is still no cure, modern antiretroviral therapy can control HIV very effectively. Many people living with HIV take medication daily or receive treatment through other approved options recommended by their health care provider.

With consistent treatment, HIV can become a manageable chronic condition. People who begin and remain in care can maintain their health, protect their partners, and continue living full, active lives. These medical advances are one of the greatest public health successes of recent decades, but they only work when people know their status and can access care.

HIV Testing Is Also a Public Safety Tool

HIV testing is not only about personal health. It is also about community health.

When people know their status, they can take steps to protect themselves and others. Early diagnosis helps prevent new infections by connecting people to treatment sooner. It also reduces the stigma and uncertainty that can keep people from seeking care. The more routine HIV testing becomes, the easier it is for people to talk openly, get support, and make informed decisions.

Public health depends on prevention, education, and access. HIV testing supports all three. It helps identify infections earlier, connects people to care, and gives communities the information needed to reduce transmission.

Who Should Get Tested?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that everyone ages 13 to 64 get tested for HIV at least once as part of routine health care. Some people may benefit from testing more often, including those who have had more than one sexual partner, have a partner whose HIV status is unknown, have been diagnosed with another sexually transmitted infection, or share injection equipment.

Testing can be done through a health care provider, community clinic, local health department, or at-home testing option. Many testing services are free or low-cost, and results may be available quickly depending on the type of test used.

Take the Step: Know Your Status

National HIV Testing Day is a good reminder that testing is a normal and responsible part of taking care of your health. Whether your result is negative or positive, knowing your status gives you options, resources, and control.

Consider making HIV testing part of your routine wellness plan. Encourage loved ones to do the same. A simple test can lead to earlier care, better outcomes, and a healthier community for everyone.

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LAST CALL: Food Service & Salon Relicensing Due June 30th

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man applying online

If you operate a food service establishment or salon business in the Uncas Health District, your license renewal is due by June 30, 2026. In recent years, we streamlined the renewal process to make it quicker and easier than ever — all applications must be submitted online through our secure portal.

How to File Online

To make relicensing more convenient, Uncas Health District now offers an online application portal. Here’s how to get started:

  1. Visit uncashd.org
  2. Click “Forms and Licensing” in the menu, or go directly to the licensing page via the links below.
  3. Complete the appropriate form with your business details.
  4. Upload any required documentation.
  5. An invoice will be emailed to you for payment.

If you are unable to process payments online for any reason, you may visit our office or mail in payment.

All payments (including municipal taxes due and balances due on account) and completed paperwork MUST be received by June 30, 2026, or a late fee will be automatically assessed.

Food Service Relicensing 

Salon Relicensing