public health

What to Do If You Spot a Potentially Rabies-Infected Animal

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fox in the middle of a road

Rabies is a serious viral disease that affects the nervous system of mammals, including humans. In the U.S., the risk of humans contracting rabies is relatively low. However, it’s essential to be aware of the signs of rabies in animals, how to prevent exposure, and what to do if you think you may have been exposed. Understanding how to identify a potentially rabies-infected animal and knowing the appropriate actions to take can save lives.

Identifying a Potentially Rabies-Infected Animal

Rabies is most commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. Knowing how to spot a potentially rabies-infected animal can help prevent exposure. Here are some signs to look out for:

  • Behavioral Changes: An infected animal might exhibit uncharacteristic behavior such as aggression, excessive drooling, or appearing unusually tame or fearless.

  • Physical Symptoms: Animals with rabies may have difficulty swallowing, experience paralysis, or show signs of disorientation.

  • Nocturnal Animals Active During Daytime: Animals like raccoons, bats, skunks, and foxes that are typically nocturnal may be seen active during the day if they are rabid.

What to Do If You Spot a Potentially Rabies-Infected Animal

If you encounter an animal that you suspect may have rabies, follow these steps:

  1. Do Not Approach: Maintain a safe distance. Do not try to touch or capture the animal.

  2. Secure Your Pets and Livestock: Keep them indoors or in a secure area away from the suspected rabid animal.

  3. Notify Authorities: Contact local animal control or public health officials. Provide details about the animal’s location and behavior.

Downloadable Rabies Brochure

Protecting Yourself from Rabies

  • Vaccinate pets: Ensure your dogs, cats, and other pets are up-to-date on their rabies vaccinations.

  • Avoid wild animals: Do not handle or feed wild animals.

  • Supervise children: Teach children never to approach or touch unfamiliar animals.

  • Seek medical attention promptly: If you are bitten or scratched by any animal, wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water and seek immediate medical attention.

Rabies Statistics: U.S. and Connecticut

Rabies remains a public health concern in the United States. Here are some statistics to provide context:

  • United States: Human rabies cases are considered rare in the U.S., with fewer than 10 cases reported each year.

  • United States: Each year, approximately 5,000 animal rabies cases are reported nationwide. Most of these cases occur in wildlife, including bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes.

  • Connecticut: Between 25 and 100 animal rabies cases are reported annually in Connecticut. Bats are the most common carriers, followed by raccoons and skunks.

 

Preventing Mosquito-Borne Illnesses in the Summer Months

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man applying insect repellent to child

As the summer months bring warmth and outdoor activities, they also bring mosquitoes. These tiny insects are more than just a nuisance; they can transmit several serious illnesses. Understanding how to avoid mosquito bites, what to do if bitten, and recognizing the symptoms of mosquito-borne illnesses is crucial for enjoying a healthy summer.

Common Mosquito-Borne Illnesses in the U.S.

In the United States, several mosquito-borne illnesses are prevalent during the summer months. The most common include:

  1. West Nile Virus (WNV): The leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the continental U.S. Most people infected with WNV do not develop symptoms, but about 1 in 5 will experience fever, headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Severe cases can lead to neurological illness.
  2. Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE): Although rare, EEE is a serious illness. Symptoms typically appear 4-10 days after a bite and can include high fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, drowsiness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures. Severe cases can lead to encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
  3. Zika Virus: While primarily a concern in tropical regions, occasional cases in the U.S. have been reported. Symptoms are generally mild and include fever, rash, headache, joint pain, conjunctivitis (red eyes), and muscle pain.

How to Avoid Mosquito Bites

Preventing mosquito bites is the first line of defense against these illnesses. Here are some effective strategies:

  1. Use Insect Repellent: Apply insect repellents that contain DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol. Follow the product instructions for proper application.
  2. Wear Protective Clothing: Long sleeves, long pants, and socks can help shield your skin from bites. Light-colored clothing is less attractive to mosquitoes.
  3. Install Screens: Ensure windows and doors are fitted with screens to keep mosquitoes outside. Repair any holes or tears promptly.
  4. Eliminate Standing Water: Mosquitoes lay eggs in standing water. Regularly empty water from flowerpots, gutters, buckets, pool covers, pet water dishes, and birdbaths.
  5. Use Mosquito Nets: In areas with high mosquito activity, consider using mosquito nets over beds or outdoor sitting areas.

What to Do if You Get a Mosquito Bite

Despite precautions, bites can still occur. Here’s how to manage them:

  1. Clean the Area: Wash the bite with soap and water to reduce the risk of infection.
  2. Apply an Ice Pack: This can help reduce swelling and numb the area, alleviating discomfort.
  3. Use Anti-Itch Creams: Over-the-counter creams containing hydrocortisone or calamine lotion can soothe itching. Antihistamines can also be effective.
  4. Avoid Scratching: Scratching can break the skin, leading to infection.

Recognizing Symptoms of Mosquito-Borne Illnesses

Being vigilant about symptoms is crucial for early detection and treatment. Here are common symptoms associated with mosquito-borne diseases:

  • Fever and Chills: Sudden onset of fever is common in many mosquito-borne illnesses.
  • Headache and Muscle Pain: These are typical symptoms of WNV, EEE, and Zika virus.
  • Rash: A rash can accompany Zika virus and WNV.
  • Neurological Symptoms: Severe headaches, stiff neck, confusion, and seizures can indicate serious conditions like EEE and severe WNV infection.
  • Joint Pain: Particularly in Zika virus cases.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the above symptoms, especially after being bitten by a mosquito, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing these illnesses effectively.

Mosquito Testing in Connecticut

Find out where mosquito testing is happening in Connecticut and the results of the testing by visiting the CT Agricultural Experiment Station.

Sun’s Out, Fun’s Out — But Let’s Keep Safety in Sight

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mom applying sunscreen to child

As the days lengthen and temperatures rise, many of us look forward to the joys of summer – spending time outdoors with loved ones, engaging in physical activity, and soaking up the sunshine. However, it’s important to remember that prolonged sun exposure can pose significant health risks.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a major contributor to skin cancer, the most common form of cancer in the United States. The American Academy of Dermatology Association estimates that approximately 9,500 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with skin cancer every day. UV radiation can also lead to premature aging, cataracts, and other health problems.

Public health professionals strongly advocate for sun safety practices to minimize these risks and ensure a healthy summer for everyone.

Here are some key recommendations:

  • Sunscreen Application: Broad-spectrum sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 or higher is essential. Apply generously to all exposed skin 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours or more frequently if swimming or sweating.

  • Seek Shade, Especially Midday: The sun’s rays are strongest between 10 am and 4 pm. Schedule outdoor activities for earlier or later hours, or utilize shade provided by trees, umbrellas, or pop-up tents.

  • Protective Clothing: Sun-protective clothing offers an effective barrier against UV rays. Look for tightly woven fabrics with an Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) rating. Wide-brimmed hats that shade the face, ears, and neck are also recommended.

  • Hydration and Sun Safety Go Hand-in-Hand: Sun exposure increases the risk of dehydration. Drink plenty of water throughout the day, even if you don’t feel thirsty. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, as it can worsen dehydration.

  • Be Aware of Individual Risk Factors: Individuals with fair skin, a history of sunburn, or a family history of skin cancer are at a higher risk for sun damage. These individuals should be particularly vigilant about sun safety measures.

By incorporating these practices into your summer routine, you can significantly reduce your risk of sun-related health problems and enjoy the outdoors safely. Public health professionals are committed to promoting sun safety awareness and encourage everyone to make informed choices to protect themselves and their families.

Hepatitis Awareness Month: Get Tested. Get Treated. Get Cured. 

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Hepatitis Awareness Month

May is Hepatitis Awareness Month, an opportunity to talk about a serious liver disease and to empower the community to take control of their health. It’s also a call to action for those over 18 to Get Tested. Get Treated. Get Cured.

According to The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Hepatitis C is curable in more than 95% of cases. Early detection and timely treatment are key to preventing liver damage and further spread. That’s why Uncas Health District is highlighting the importance of Hep-C testing.

About Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a viral infection that attacks the liver. It’s important to understand the different forms:

  • Acute Hepatitis C: This is the short-term form of the disease. Many people experience no symptoms or mild flu-like symptoms that go unnoticed. Early detection is crucial, as some people can fight off the virus naturally.
  • Chronic Hepatitis C: If left untreated, acute Hepatitis C can progress to chronic Hepatitis C. This is a long-term infection that can damage the liver over time, potentially leading to cirrhosis (scarring) or even liver failure.

Who should get tested for Hep-C?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends Hepatitis C testing for everyone over the age of 18. Certain factors put you at higher risk, including:

  • Sharing needles or syringes with others
  • Having a history of blood transfusions before 1992
  • Having tattoos or piercings done with unsterile equipment
  • Having unprotected sex with someone who has Hepatitis C

Don’t wait for symptoms of Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C often has no noticeable symptoms in its early stages. The best way to know your status is to get tested. The good news? Hepatitis C is now highly curable with safe and effective medications. Early detection is key to preventing serious liver damage and getting the treatment you need to live a healthy life.

Get tested for Hep-C at Uncas Health District

Join us in raising awareness during Hepatitis C Awareness Month! Here’s how you can get involved:

  • National Hepatitis Testing Day: On May 17th, Uncas Health District will offer free Hepatitis C testing at St. Vincent dePaul Place in Norwich from 9:00 a.m. until 3:00 p.m.
  • Mobile Health Team: We also offer testing through our Mobile Health Team, which brings vital services directly to communities throughout Uncas Health District.

Talk to your Doctor about Hep-C

Schedule an appointment with your doctor and ask about getting tested for Hepatitis C. Getting tested is a simple step towards protecting your health and well-being. Together, let’s make Hepatitis C a thing of the past!

Uncas Health District: We’re here for you

For more information on Hepatitis C testing and prevention or when our Mobile Health Team will be in your area, please visit our website.

Flu Update: 51 New Cases Reported in First Week of April

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Flu Update - April 6, 2024
2023-24 continues to be a busy flu season, as 51 new influenza cases were identified in the 11 cities and towns of the Uncas Health District, according to April 6, 2024, data from the Connecticut Department of Health. This week’s reported numbers bring the flu season total to 987 cases in the district.
Those aged 18-49 represent the largest group for positive flu cases, comprising 379 of the total cases reported, followed by 5-17-year-olds with 208 cases. It is important to note that influenza cases are only reported if there is a hospitalization or if the positive test comes from a minor.
Flu Reporting Numbers

To help prevent the spread of flu and other illnesses, please remember to:

  • Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after being in public places or around sick people.
  • Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow to prevent spreading germs.
  • Stay home if you’re feeling unwell to avoid making others sick.

Stay safe and healthy!

Additional Flu Resources

Ticked Off — Your Guide to Tick Removal and Lyme Disease Prevention

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tick on a blade of grass

Living in Connecticut, we all cherish our state’s natural beauty. But with those scenic woodlands and brushy fields comes a potential health threat: ticks. These tiny arachnids can transmit Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne illness in the United States. Did you know that in Connecticut alone, an estimated 30,000 people contract Lyme disease each year? That’s a significant number, highlighting the importance of awareness and preventive measures.

The danger lies not just in the prevalence of ticks but also in the possibility of them carrying Lyme disease. While not all ticks are infected, about 30% of ticks in Connecticut can transmit the bacteria. Left untreated, Lyme disease can cause a range of health problems, from fatigue and joint pain to neurological issues and heart complications.

Minimizing Your Risk

So, how can you minimize your risk of encountering ticks and Lyme disease? Here are some key strategies:

  • Dress for Defense: Wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts when spending time outdoors. Tuck your pants into your socks for added protection.
  • Repel the Threat: Use insect repellent containing DEET, picaridin, or IR3535 on your clothing and exposed skin. Follow product instructions carefully.
  • Mind Your Surroundings: Stick to cleared trails and avoid tall grass and brushy areas where ticks are more likely to be present.

What to Do if You Find a Tick

Now, imagine you find a tick attached to your skin. Don’t panic! Here’s what to do:

  1. Remove Carefully: Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick near its head and gently pull it straight out. Avoid squeezing the body, as this can increase the risk of infection.
  2. Clean and Monitor: Disinfect the bite area with rubbing alcohol or soap and water. Keep an eye on the bite for the next few weeks, looking for the telltale “bullseye” rash, a circular red mark that expands over time.
  3. Seek Medical Attention: If you experience any symptoms of Lyme disease, such as fever, fatigue, muscle aches, or the bullseye rash, consult your doctor immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a full recovery.

If you find a tick and safely remove it, the tick can be brought to Uncas Health District for free testing. This helps public health officials track tick populations and Lyme disease prevalence in the area.

Remember, in Connecticut and across the U.S., Lyme disease is a significant public health concern. By following these preventive measures and taking prompt action in case of a tick bite, we can all play a role in protecting ourselves and our community. So stay vigilant, enjoy the outdoors responsibly, and let’s all have a safe and healthy summer.

Think. Test. Treat TB: World Tuberculosis Day – March 24th

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world TB day

Every year, on March 24th, we seek to raise awareness about tuberculosis (TB), a serious but preventable and treatable infectious disease. This year, Uncas Health District is asking residents of eastern Connecticut to  “Think, Test, and Treat TB” —  understanding the importance of early detection and treatment to stop the spread of Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis remains a significant global health threat. In 2022, more than 10 million cases of TB were reported worldwide, and 1.3 million people died from the disease. In the United States, while TB  cases have been on the decline, there were increases in reported cases in both 2021 and 2022. In 2022, there were 8,331 tuberculosis cases reported in the U.S.

A Local Perspective

While Tuberculosis is a global health concern, Connecticut has done a very good job at staying on top of active cases — leading to some of the lowest TB rates in the U.S. In 2022, Connecticut reported just 67 of the nation’s more than 8,300 cases — with just four reported in New London County. 

Despite the low number of cases in Connecticut, it is important that people remain vigilant in the prevention of the spread of Tuberculosis. Much like the national numbers, the state’s reported cases in 2022 showed a 24% increase over 2021. Local health departments, such as Uncas Health District, continue to be excellent resources for those with questions or concerns about Tuberculosis. 

Think. Test. Treat TB.

This year, we are  highlighting three critical steps in the fight against Tuberculosis:

  • Think: Be aware of the risk factors for TB. These include close contact with someone with TB, having a weakened immune system, being from a country with high TB rates, and substance abuse.
  • Test: If you experience symptoms like a persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, or fever, get tested for TB. A simple skin test or blood test can diagnose TB infection.
  • Treat: If you are diagnosed with TB, it’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if you start to feel better. Incomplete treatment can lead to drug-resistant TB, which is much harder to cure.

Latent TB Infection vs. TB Disease

It’s important to understand the difference between latent TB infection and TB disease:

  • Latent TB Infection: People with latent TB infection have the TB bacteria in their bodies but are not sick and cannot spread the disease to others. The immune system usually keeps the bacteria in check, preventing them from multiplying. However, people with latent TB infection can develop TB disease if their immune system weakens.
  • TB Disease: People with TB disease are sick and can spread the bacteria to others through coughs and sneezes, so this is why the “THINK. TEST. TREAT” message is so important to remember.

Early detection is key to stopping the spread of Tuberculosis. If you think you might be at risk for TB, talk to your doctor about getting tested. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent TB disease and save lives.

Additional Resources:

Flu Update: 90 New Cases Reported Last Week, Season Total Approaching 700

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90 new influenza cases have been identified in the 11 cities and towns of the Uncas Health District this flu season, according to March 1, 2024, data from the Connecticut Department of Health. This week’s reported numbers bring the flu season total to 684 cases in the district.

Those aged 18-49 years old represent the largest group for positive flu cases, comprising 231 of the total cases reported, followed by 5-17-year-olds with 155 cases.

It is important to note that influenza cases are only reported if there is a hospitalization or if the positive test comes from a minor.

flu cases by age

Even though we are experiencing spring-like temperatures this week, flu season is far from over. It is important to remain cautious, and it’s not too late to receive your flu vaccine. Vaccination is the single most effective way to protect yourself and others from the flu. Talk to your doctor today about getting vaccinated – it’s still your best defense against influenza. Remember to:

  • Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after being in public places or around sick people.
  • Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow to prevent spreading germs.
  • Stay home if you’re feeling unwell to avoid making others sick.

Stay safe and healthy!

 

 

Leap into Happiness and Health: Uncas Health District’s Guide for Leap Day 

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Little boy jumping over hurdles on running track

Leap Day, that extra day on February 29th, is a day to celebrate the unexpected! Why not use it as a springboard for launching a happier and healthier lifestyle? Here are some tips from Uncas Health District to help residents of Eastern Connecticut make the most of this special occasion:

Fuel Your Body:

  • Leap into a new recipe: Explore a local farm stand or farmers’ market for fresh, seasonal ingredients. Try a recipe bursting with fruits and vegetables, or experiment with a new protein source like lean fish or beans.
  • Pack a healthy picnic: Take advantage of the expected mild weather Leap Day and enjoy a delicious, nutritious lunch al fresco. Pack whole-wheat sandwiches, veggie wraps, fruit salad, and homemade trail mix for a satisfying and healthy feast.
  • Hydrate for happiness: Carry a reusable water bottle and sip throughout the day. Staying hydrated improves energy levels, cognitive function, and even mood!

Move Your Body:

  • Leap out and explore: Lace up your walking shoes and embark on a new adventure. Eastern Connecticut is full of scenic trails, parks, and historic sites to discover. Challenge yourself to a longer walk than usual, or try a new route.
  • Get active indoors: Invite friends and family for a fun game of indoor basketball, badminton, or jump rope. Even a dance party in your living room can be a great way to get your heart rate up and have a laugh.
  • Join a local fitness class: Many gyms and community centers offer free or discounted introductory classes on Leap Day. Try something new like Zumba, yoga, or Pilates to discover an activity you enjoy.

Nourish Your Mind:

  • Start a gratitude journal: Take a few minutes each day to write down three things you’re grateful for. This simple practice can boost your mood and improve overall well-being.
  • Connect with loved ones: Schedule a phone call, video chat, or in-person visit with friends and family. Social connection is essential for mental and emotional health.
  • Get lost in a good book: Dedicate some time to reading a book that inspires, educates, or simply brings you joy. Curling up with a good read can be a relaxing and rewarding escape.

Remember:

  • Small changes add up: Don’t feel pressured to overhaul your entire lifestyle at once. Start with small, sustainable changes that you can easily incorporate into your daily routine.
  • Find what works for you: There’s no one-size-fits-all approach to happiness and health. Experiment and discover what activities and practices make you feel your best.
  • Celebrate your progress: Acknowledge and celebrate your achievements, no matter how small. This will help you stay motivated and on track toward your goals.

Uncas Health District is committed to supporting the health and well-being of Eastern Connecticut residents. We encourage you to use Leap Day as a springboard for a happier and healthier you!

Bonus Tip: Share your Leap Day wellness activities on social media using #UncasHealthLeap and inspire others to join the movement!

Together, let’s make the Uncas Health District a healthier and happier place to live!

 

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