EEE - UNCAS Health District

DEEP to Spray for Mosquitoes in Area of Pachaug State Forest

August 28, 2024 by Uncas Health District

While there have been no human cases of EEE in Connecticut so far this season, detections of EEE-carrying mosquitoes in this area remain high.

While there have been no cases of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) in humans in Connecticut so far this season, the risk level for EEE in the eastern part of the state remains elevated. The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) Mosquito Management Program will conduct insecticide spraying on the evening of Thursday, August 29 (weather permitting) in an area of eastern Connecticut where mammal-biting mosquitoes carrying EEE have been consistently detected. This step is being taken out of an abundance of caution to minimize the potential for spread of the virus to humans.

The Mosquito Management Program will spray for mosquitoes in the Mt. Misery area of Pachaug State Forest on the evening of August 29. Entrances to the State Forest will close at 5:00 PM on Thursday, August 29, and the forest and nearby roads will be closed for the evening. They will reopen at 8:00 AM on Friday, August 30. Residential portions of these roads will still remain accessible to residents.

EEE has been detected in the following towns this year: Canterbury, Ledyard, North Stonington, Sterling, and Voluntown. No human cases have been reported in Connecticut in 2024, but human cases have been reported in Massachusetts, Vermont, New Jersey, and New Hampshire (one death). A white-tailed deer died from EEE earlier in August in Lisbon, Connecticut.

“DEEP encourages residents to take appropriate precautions as we are still not through the mosquito season,” said DEEP Commissioner Katie Dykes. “With the presence of EEE in mosquitoes in eastern Connecticut and West Nile Virus in other areas of the state, it is very important that residents minimize time outdoors during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are prevalent and wear long sleeves and use insect repellent if out at any point during those times.”

“Mosquitoes are still active, and residents should continue to take measures to prevent mosquito bites, especially during warm evenings when mosquitoes are most active,” said Dr. Philip Armstrong, Medical Entomologist at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. “There is continued risk for mosquito-borne diseases until the first hard freeze when mosquito activity ends.”

“Since there is no vaccine for EEE, protection from this virus depends on personal protective measures to decrease exposure to infected mosquitoes,” said Connecticut Department of Public Health Commissioner Manisha Juthani, MD. “Symptoms from EEE include severe headache and neck stiffness which can result in nausea, vomiting, and dehydration. Anyone experiencing these symptoms should seek medical attention immediately.”

The insecticide the Mosquito Management Program will spray contains the active ingredients sumithrin and prallethrin. When applied at appropriate rates this product does not affect humans, pets or other non-target organisms. Campers have been notified of the spraying and have been advised to leave the area while spraying is conducted.

The following forest roads will close beginning at 5:00 PM on Thursday, August 29: DEP Trail 1, Gardner Road, Stone Hill Road, Trail 1, Lee Road, Lawrence Road, Trail 2, and Route 49 North entrance. Road gates in these areas will close during this time. Residential portions of these roads still will be accessible to residents. Visitors are advised to plan visits and activities accordingly to avoid the area while spraying is conducted. Campers have been advised to avoid the area until at least 10:00 PM Thursday night and will be permitted to return after 10:00 PM.

To reduce the risk of being bitten by mosquitoes, residents should:

Minimize time spent outdoors between dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.
Consider the use of mosquito repellents containing an EPA-registered active ingredient, including DEET, Picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-menthane-diol (PMD), or 2-undecanone when it is necessary to be outdoors.
Wear shoes, socks, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt when outdoors for long periods of time, or when mosquitoes are more active. Clothing should be light-colored and loose-fitting and made of tightly woven materials that keep mosquitoes away from the skin.
Be sure door and window screens are tight-fitting and in good repair.
Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in an unscreened structure and to protect infants when outdoors.

Residents also are encouraged to take steps at home to protect against mosquitoes, such as making sure door and window screens are tight-fitting and in good repair and not letting stagnant water collect around your home. Dump water out of old tires, wheelbarrows, and wading pools. More information on mosquito control around the home can be found on the Connecticut Mosquito Management Program website.

Connecticut Mosquito Management Program

The response to mosquito transmitted diseases in Connecticut is a collaborative inter-agency effort involving the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), the Department of Public Health (DPH), the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Pathobiology at the University of Connecticut (UCONN). These agencies are responsible for monitoring mosquito populations and the potential public health threat of mosquito-borne diseases.

For information on EEE, West Nile Virus, and other mosquito-borne diseases, what can be done to prevent getting bitten by mosquitoes, the latest mosquito test results, and human infections, visit the Connecticut Mosquito Management Program website.

DEEP Reports Case of EEE in White-Tailed Deer in Eastern Connecticut

August 22, 2024August 22, 2024 by Uncas Health District

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Rarely Documented in Wild Mammals; DEEP and DPH Advise Continued Precautions to Avoid Mosquitoes

The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) today announced that a white-tailed deer that exhibited neurologic symptoms and died on August 12, 2024, in Lisbon, Connecticut, was infected with the eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus.

EEE is a serious but rare illness caused by a virus that is transmitted by mosquitoes. It is the most severe mosquito-transmitted disease in the U.S., with approximately 40 percent mortality and significant brain damage in half of survivors. No human or horse cases of EEE have been reported in Connecticut this year, although human cases have been documented in Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Jersey.

The CT Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of Connecticut (UCONN) conducted a necropsy and tested the deer for various diseases, including rabies, hemorrhagic disease, West Nile virus (WNV), and EEE, and determined that the EEE virus caused the deer’s neurologic symptoms.

This finding is rare in wild mammals but is not surprising since EEE-positive mosquitoes have been documented by the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) in nearby towns. However, this finding also indicates that the EEE virus is present in mammal-biting mosquitoes, prompting Connecticut’s Mosquito Management Program to continue to advise residents to take proper precautions to protect themselves from mosquito bites, such as wearing mosquito repellent and covering bare skin, especially during dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.

“DEEP urges residents to continue to take appropriate precautions to avoid contact with mosquitoes,” said DEEP Commissioner Katie Dykes. “With EEE now detected in mammal-biting mosquitoes in Eastern Connecticut, residents should continue to be vigilant when taking part in outdoor activities to avoid exposure to mosquito bites.”

“Infection with EEE virus can cause serious illness affecting the brain. Symptoms include high fever, headache, stiff neck, and decreased consciousness,” said Department of Public Health (DPH) Commissioner Manisha Juthani, MD. “The disease is fatal in 25-50 percent of cases and many of those who recover experience lasting health problems. Individuals with symptoms suggestive of EEE infection should contact their physician immediately. No human vaccine against EEE virus infection or specific antiviral treatment for clinical EEE virus infections is available.”

The CAES maintains a network of 108 mosquito-trapping stations in 88 municipalities throughout the state to test mosquitoes for various pathogens, including EEE and WNV. So far this season, WNV-positive mosquitoes have been found in 31 towns and EEE-positive mosquitoes have been detected in 5 eastern Connecticut towns: Canterbury, Ledyard, North Stonington, Sterling, and Voluntown. Positive findings are reported to local health departments and on the CAES website.

To reduce the risk of being bitten by mosquitoes, residents should take the following personal precautions:

Minimize time spent outdoors when mosquitoes are most active, especially dawn and dusk.
Consider the use of mosquito repellents containing an EPA-registered active ingredient, including DEET, Picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-methane-diol (PMD), or 2-undecanone when it is necessary to be outdoors.
After returning indoors, wash any treated skin with soap and water.
Wear shoes, socks, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt when outdoors for long periods of time, or when mosquitoes are more active. Clothing should be light-colored and loose-fitting and made of tightly woven materials that keep mosquitoes away from the skin.
Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in an unscreened structure and to protect infants when outdoors.

Residents are also encouraged to take steps at home to protect against mosquitoes, such as making sure door and window screens are tight-fitting and in good repair, and not letting stagnant water collect around your home. Dump water out of old tires, wheelbarrows, and wading pools. More information on mosquito control around the home can be found on the Connecticut Mosquito Management Program website.

Late summer and early fall is a popular time to enjoy the wide variety of outdoor recreation opportunities here in Connecticut – such as hiking, camping, fishing, birdwatching, boating or hunting. Anyone enjoying the outdoors in Connecticut should protect themselves against mosquito bites while out in the field.

Fall hunting seasons start soon and extend over the next few months in Connecticut, including the archery deer and turkey season, which opens in mid-September. The EEE virus cannot by contracted by people who eat the meat of harvested animals, although, as with all wild game, the meat should be prepared properly and cooked to the proper temperature.

The response to mosquito transmitted diseases in Connecticut is a collaborative inter-agency effort involving DEEP, CAES, DPH, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Pathobiology at UCONN. These agencies are responsible for monitoring mosquito populations and the potential public health threat of mosquito-borne diseases.

For information on WNV and EEE, what can be done to prevent getting bitten by mosquitoes, the latest mosquito test results, and human infections, visit the Connecticut Mosquito Management Program website.

State Reports First Positive Mosquitoes for EEE Virus in Eastern Connecticut

July 25, 2024 by Uncas Health District

The State of Connecticut Mosquito Management Program (MMP) announced that mosquitoes trapped in Canterbury on July 16 tested positive for eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus. These results represent the first EEE positive mosquitoes identified in the state by The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) this year. The mosquitoes were Culiseta melanura, a predominately bird-biting species and Coquillettidia perturbans, a species that feeds opportunistically on both birds and mammals. West Nile virus (WNV) has also been detected in mosquitoes in 12 towns throughout the State. Connecticut residents are reminded to protect themselves from mosquito bites and mosquito-borne diseases.

“The detection of EEE virus in July is reason for concern as conditions are suitable for further build-up and spread of the virus in the coming weeks and months” said Dr. Philip Armstrong, Chief Scientist at CAES. “We are also detecting the virus in mosquitoes that feed on mammals which increases the risk for human infection. We will continue to closely monitor mosquitoes for virus amplification and encourage everyone to take simple measures such as wearing mosquito repellent and covering bare skin, especially during dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.”

To reduce the risk of being bitten by mosquitoes, residents should:

Minimize time spent outdoors between dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.
Consider the use of mosquito repellents containing an EPA-registered active ingredient, including DEET, Picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-methane-diol (PMD), or 2-undecanone when it is necessary to be outdoors.
Wear shoes, socks, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt when outdoors for long periods of time, or when mosquitoes are more active. Clothing should be light-colored and loose-fitting and made of tightly woven materials that keep mosquitoes away from the skin.
Be sure door and window screens are tight-fitting and in good repair.
Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in an unscreened structure and to protect infants when outdoors.

EEE is a rare but serious illness in humans with 4-8 cases reported in a typical year in the U.S. The last major outbreak occurred in 2019, involving 38 human cases nationally with 19 cases occurring in New England. EEE is the most severe mosquito-transmitted disease in the U.S. with approximately 40 percent mortality and
significant brain damage in half of survivors.

Connecticut Mosquito Management Program

The CAES maintains a network of 108 mosquito-trapping stations in 88 municipalities throughout the state. CAES begins mosquito trapping and testing in June and continues into October. Positive findings are reported to local health departments and on the CAES website at https://portal.ct.gov/caes.

For information on EEE, WNV and other mosquito-borne diseases, what can be done to prevent getting bitten by mosquitoes, the latest mosquito test results, and human infections, visit the Connecticut Mosquito Management Program web site at https://portal.ct.gov/mosquito.

Preventing Mosquito-Borne Illnesses in the Summer Months

July 18, 2024 by Uncas Health District

As the summer months bring warmth and outdoor activities, they also bring mosquitoes. These tiny insects are more than just a nuisance; they can transmit several serious illnesses. Understanding how to avoid mosquito bites, what to do if bitten, and recognizing the symptoms of mosquito-borne illnesses is crucial for enjoying a healthy summer.

Common Mosquito-Borne Illnesses in the U.S.

In the United States, several mosquito-borne illnesses are prevalent during the summer months. The most common include:

West Nile Virus (WNV): The leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the continental U.S. Most people infected with WNV do not develop symptoms, but about 1 in 5 will experience fever, headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Severe cases can lead to neurological illness.
Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE): Although rare, EEE is a serious illness. Symptoms typically appear 4-10 days after a bite and can include high fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, drowsiness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures. Severe cases can lead to encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
Zika Virus: While primarily a concern in tropical regions, occasional cases in the U.S. have been reported. Symptoms are generally mild and include fever, rash, headache, joint pain, conjunctivitis (red eyes), and muscle pain.

How to Avoid Mosquito Bites

Preventing mosquito bites is the first line of defense against these illnesses. Here are some effective strategies:

Use Insect Repellent: Apply insect repellents that contain DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol. Follow the product instructions for proper application.
Wear Protective Clothing: Long sleeves, long pants, and socks can help shield your skin from bites. Light-colored clothing is less attractive to mosquitoes.
Install Screens: Ensure windows and doors are fitted with screens to keep mosquitoes outside. Repair any holes or tears promptly.
Eliminate Standing Water: Mosquitoes lay eggs in standing water. Regularly empty water from flowerpots, gutters, buckets, pool covers, pet water dishes, and birdbaths.
Use Mosquito Nets: In areas with high mosquito activity, consider using mosquito nets over beds or outdoor sitting areas.

What to Do if You Get a Mosquito Bite

Despite precautions, bites can still occur. Here’s how to manage them:

Clean the Area: Wash the bite with soap and water to reduce the risk of infection.
Apply an Ice Pack: This can help reduce swelling and numb the area, alleviating discomfort.
Use Anti-Itch Creams: Over-the-counter creams containing hydrocortisone or calamine lotion can soothe itching. Antihistamines can also be effective.
Avoid Scratching: Scratching can break the skin, leading to infection.

Recognizing Symptoms of Mosquito-Borne Illnesses

Being vigilant about symptoms is crucial for early detection and treatment. Here are common symptoms associated with mosquito-borne diseases:

Fever and Chills: Sudden onset of fever is common in many mosquito-borne illnesses.
Headache and Muscle Pain: These are typical symptoms of WNV, EEE, and Zika virus.
Rash: A rash can accompany Zika virus and WNV.
Neurological Symptoms: Severe headaches, stiff neck, confusion, and seizures can indicate serious conditions like EEE and severe WNV infection.
Joint Pain: Particularly in Zika virus cases.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience any of the above symptoms, especially after being bitten by a mosquito, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing these illnesses effectively.

Mosquito Testing in Connecticut

Find out where mosquito testing is happening in Connecticut and the results of the testing by visiting the CT Agricultural Experiment Station.

Press Release: state officials report positive mosquitoes for Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in Voluntown

October 23, 2023September 13, 2023 by Patrick McCormack

Voluntown, Conn. — The Uncas Health District is advising residents in southeastern Connecticut to protect themselves and their children from mosquitoes to reduce the chance of contracting eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus.

Mosquitoes trapped in the Pachaug State Forest in Voluntown on September 5, 2023 have tested positive for EEE. Voluntown is one of six towns with EEE infected mosquitoes identified in the state by the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station this year. The mosquitoes were Culiseta melanura (2) and Psorophora ferox (1). Connecticut residents are reminded to protect themselves from mosquito bites and mosquito-borne diseases.

“We encourage residents of southeastern Connecticut to take simple measures such as wearing mosquito repellent and covering bare skin, especially during dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active,” said Patrick McCormack, MPH, Director of Health.

EEE is a serious but rare illness caused by a virus that is transmitted by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes can only acquire the virus by feeding on infected wild birds. In most years, the virus is found only in species of mosquitoes which feed on birds, but occasionally the virus can be passed on to other mosquito species known to bite people and horses. The virus cannot be passed from person to person or from horses to humans. The risk of mosquito-transmitted diseases such as EEE virus usually increases through the late summer and early fall. Mosquitoes are active until the first heavy frost.

Infection with EEE virus can cause serious illness affecting the brain. Symptoms include high fever, headache, stiff neck, and decreased consciousness. The disease is fatal in 25-50 percent of cases and many of those who recover experience lasting health problems. Individuals with symptoms suggestive of EEE infection should contact their physician immediately. No human vaccine against EEE virus infection or specific antiviral treatment for clinical EEE virus infections is available.

To reduce the risk of being bitten by mosquitoes residents should:

Minimize time spent outdoors between dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active.
Be sure door and window screens are tight-fitting and in good repair.
Wear shoes, socks, long pants, and a long-sleeved shirt when outdoors for long periods of time, or when mosquitoes are more active. Clothing should be light colored and made of tightly woven materials that keep mosquitoes away from the skin.
Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in an unscreened structure and to protect babies when outdoors.
Consider the use of mosquito repellent, according to directions, when it is necessary to be outdoors.

Connecticut Mosquito Management Program

The State of Connecticut Mosquito Management Program is a collaborative effort involving the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, the Department of Public Health, the Department of Agriculture, and the University of Connecticut Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science. These agencies are responsible for monitoring the potential public health threat of mosquito-borne diseases.

The CAES maintains a network of 108 mosquito-trapping stations in 89 municipalities throughout the state. Mosquito traps are set Monday through Thursday nights at each site every 10 days on a rotating basis. Mosquitoes are grouped (pooled) for testing according to species, collection site, and date. Positive findings are reported to local health departments and on the CAES website at http://www.ct.gov/caes/mosquitotesting.

For information on EEE and other mosquito-borne diseases, what can be done to prevent getting bitten by mosquitoes, the latest mosquito test results and human infections, visit the Connecticut Mosquito Management Program web site at https://portal.ct.gov/mosquito.